How to Identify Vehicles by VIN

A unique 17-digit vehicle identification number (VIN) identifies all vehicles manufactured since 1981. Your car, truck, trailer, motorcycle or ATV has a metal tag riveted to some part of the body that can be decoded online. You can identify the vehicle online for free. The decoder tells you the year, make and model of the vehicle along with the size and type of engine, body style, original manufactured suggested retail price and all the standard and optional features on the vehicle when it left the factory.

Instructions

1

Copy your VIN onto a piece of paper from the vehicle itself, the registration card, the title, the bill of sale or an insurance policy. See your owner's manual for the location of the VIN tag on the vehicle.

2

Go to decodethis.com and enter your VIN into the space provided. Click on "DECODE!" If you don't want to divulge the vehicle's serial number, enter "X" for each of the last seven digits. The year, make and model will appear under the maroon line.

3

Scroll down to the page and click on "General," "Equipment," "Installed" or "Optional" to see all the features of this vehicle. Also look on the right side of the page for the number of vehicle history reports available for the vehicle. You have no obligation to buy one.

How do I Compare Performance in Vehicles?

Compare performance in new and used vehicles from your home computer. A wealth of information is available to shoppers, both from manufacturer websites and informational guides--all designed to help consumers learn about vehicles. From engine size to strut types and everything in between, the Internet offers easy-to-access comparison tools. Know where to look to accurately compare performance specifications.

Instructions

New Cars

1

Go directly to the manufacturer's website to view accurate performance specifications, such as Honda, Kia, Hyundai, Ford, Audi or any manufacturer of choice. From the home page of the manufacturer's website, go to the vehicle line-up to find the vehicle you want to compare.

2

Click on the vehicle you want more information about. When you're brought to the breakdown of vehicle features and options, click on the Performance option. Review performance features offered by the manufacturer for the particular vehicle you've chosen.

3

Click on any performance highlighted items. For example, a manufacturer that offers a five-speed automatic transmission will offer an explanation of its benefits. If you're interested in a vehicle with 4X4, click on the explanation of the 4X4 option to fully gauge its operation--some 4X4 systems are automatic using primarily front- or rear-wheel drive unless the system electronically suspects the need for the other wheels to engage.

4

Continue going to each manufacturer's web page to review performance options--click on options to understand how the manufacturer pairs its performance items before comparing vehicles in a side-by-side comparison. For example, a turbocharger paired with a smaller engine offers better cylinder compression and more horsepower.

5

On the manufacturer's web page, find the Compare Vehicles option. Here you can compare the model you're interested in against competitors or other models made by the same specific manufacturer. Print out individual performance details or explanations and do so for each manufacturer vehicle, if necessary, or just use the vehicle's comparison tools if you have an understanding of different performance features.

Used Cars

6

Go to a vehicle information sites, like MSN Autos or Kelley Blue Book. Go to the Used Car option (see Resources).

7

Input all vehicle information when prompted. Choose your model and level appropriately for accurate results.

8

Click on the Performance option once you've reached the vehicle's detail page. Review performance specifications. You may want to read through the professional or model review for the car you're interested in, as you can find out about engine, transmission and other performance changes throughout the years of production.

9

Print out any information you find necessary. Some used car informational sites offer side-by-side comparisons, so look on the page to determine if the option is available.

BMW 3 Series Problems

The BMW 3 Series is one of the most popular BMW models ever made. BMW brought the first generation to the U.S. in 1977 as the replacement for the 2002. Since then, the 3 Series has gone through four additional generations. To differentiate them, many enthusiasts refer to the various iterations of the 3 Series with the internal designation that the factory gave them. Models made from 1984 to 1991 are E30s and so on. By and large, the S Series is a very well-built, reliable car, though there are some things to be aware of.

E21 (1977 to 1983)

The 320i, which was the model sold in the U.S., is probably the least popular 3 Series and can cause its owners many problems. The 2.0-liter and later 1.8-liter engines are robust but can often suffer from blown head gaskets. The thermal reactors for the emissions systems can be problematic. On the fuel injection system, beware of dried and cracked fuel lines that can leak fuel.
320s can suffer from a front end shake at around 50 to 55 mph. The shimmy is caused by worn swaybar bushings. To fix the problem, you need to inspect the control arms, upper strut bearing, wheel bearings, control arm bushings and steering rack bushings, and replace any worn parts.

E30 (1984 to 1991)

The E30 was introduced to the U.S. in 1984. It was with this model that the 3 Series began to attain the popularity that it enjoys to this day. The E30 also happens to be one of the most durable of the 3 Series and one of the most fun to drive.
The M20 six-cylinder version features a cam-belt instead of a more durable timing chain. Failure to replace this can result in a catastrophic engine failure. The cooling systems can oxidize over time, which can cause the head gaskets and the water jackets for the throttle bodies to leak. The front control arm bushings wear and cause poor suspension behavior. E30 M3 bushings provide a dramatic improvement. Failed rear suspension carrier bushings result in thumping noises from the rear. Installing new bushings fixes the problem, but it is a difficult job.

E36 (1992 to 1999)

The third generation of the 3 Series also happens to be the most problematic. General build quality and the durability of the car's materials are not that great. Dashes and door panels come apart. Electronics issues are common, so expect multiple failures here.
The engines themselves can suffer from a range of issues from VANOS (valve timing system) failing and noisy lifter. Gearboxes have been known to have problems with first and second gear as well as a separate issue with fifth gear. The rear control arm bushings wear out and need replacement with post-1996 parts. Ball joints also wear out.

E46 (1999 to 2006)

When it was first introduced, the E46 had its share of problems, but unlike the E36, these were generally ironed out by 2004. The M52 and M54 engines are pretty robust. The ECUs have been know to have problems and need reprogramming. Cooling systems are a weak point and need new water pumps at 60,000 miles and radiators at 100,000 to prevent issues. Other issues include excessive belt-tensioner noise, worn outer ball joints, problematic sunroofs and radio display failure.

E90/E92 (2006 to present)

The E90 (sedan) and E92 (coupe) are both two new for long-term issues to rear their heads. For now, the most common issue is failure of the the high-pressure fuel pump for the direct injection system on the 335. Some automatic gearboxes have suffered from jerky and hesitant shifting.

Expert Insight

Any 3 Series is potentially a great car with the proper care and maintenance. A pre-purchase inspection is highly recommended before purchasing any used BMW, however.

How Does Carfax Work?

What is Carfax

Carfax compiles information on vehicles that have been produced since 1981. A prospective buyer can use this information to help decide whether to buy a specific used car.

Carfax gathers this information from fire and police departments, rental agencies, auto auctions, collision repair shops and DMV's from every state in the U.S. and every province in Canada. Sellers can also use Carfax to demonstrate their car's history.

What Does Carfax Offer?

Many variables make up a car's history. Not all Carfax reports will contain all of the variables in every car's history. Reports are based on a car's 17-digit vehicle identification number. Carfax reports contain some or all of the following information on a specific car:

-State Emission Inspection History
-Odometer Readings
-Any History of Flood Damage
-Total Number of Owners
-Title Information
-Whether the vehicle was used as a rental car or in some other service
-Whether the vehicle was ever considered a total loss
-Any service records that can be obtained
-Accident reports involving the vehicle

Limitations of a Carfax Report

A Carfax report is designed to be a tool for those consumers who want as much information as possible when buying a used car. It is not, however, the only thing you should use to make your final decision about a specific used car.

You should still take the car for an extended test drive. It is also a good idea for you to take the vehicle to a trusted mechanic to have the vehicle properly checked out. A Carfax report may not contain all of the important information regarding a car's condition and history.

A Carfax report is not free. You can visit the site to look over free samples of actual Carfax reports, but to get a report on your own vehicle you will have to purchase the Carfax report. When it comes to purchasing a used car, it may be worth the money spent on a Carfax report to make sure you are getting what you pay for in your used car.

2 Wheels vs. 4 Wheels for Gas Mileage

When you're shopping for a new vehicle, fuel mileage may guide your final selection. Four-wheel-drive vehicles have a reputation for being gas guzzlers, but they might not use as much fuel as you think when compared with their two-wheels-drive stablemates, particularly when you compare combined fuel economy. Combined fuel economy is simply a car's city-driving fuel economy averaged with its highway-driving fuel economy.The U.S. government's fuel economy website provides combined ratings for a number of 2011 vehicles.

Cars

With an automatic transmission and front-wheel drive, the 2011 Mini Cooper S Countryman gets a combined fuel mileage rating of 28 miles per gallon, while the all-wheel-drive version gets 26. The 2011 Suzuki Kizashi shows a similar pattern, with 26 mpg in the front-wheel-drive model and 25 in the all-wheel-drive version.

Trucks

With automatic transmissions and six-cylinder engines under the hood, both versions of the 2011 Toyota Tacoma achieve EPA-estimated combined fuel economy ratings of 18 mpg. A 2011 Chevrolet Colorado with four-cylinder engine and automatic transmission garners an EPA-estimated combined fuel mileage rating of 21 mpg in two-wheel-drive gear, while the four-wheel-drive version gets a combined 20 mpg.

SUVs

A 2011 Ford Expedition with two-wheel drive has a combined fuel mileage rating of 16 mpg, while the four-wheel-drive model gets 15 mpg. A 2011 Chevrolet Equinox with a six-cylinder engine has an EPA-estimated combined fuel economy rating of 19 in both drivetrain configurations.

What to Look for in a Used Durango

Dodge Durangos are roomy sport utility vehicles. Their powerful engines enable you to tow a boat, trailer or camper. They are versatile and can carry as many as eight passengers and the second- and optional third-row seats can be easily flipped down to add plenty of storage capacity. There are considerations to follow when you are thinking of purchasing a used Durango to ensure you do not buy a lemon.

Techniques

Examine the vehicle carefully using a checklist you can download from numerous websites or find in car magazines. The checklist will include things like opening and closing all doors, rolling down each of the windows, testing the additional features, such as rear window defogger, passenger heat and air controls. You should also check for scratches, rust and other damage.

Search online or in books for prices of the used Durangos. Your library or bookstore has an automotive section and you will find many resources on what to expect in a used Durango. They list the extras offered for each model and the condition of the vehicle and base their price on these factors. The books will list prices for trade-ins, buying from an individual or a car dealer. You will be able to tell right away if the vehicle is worth the asking price.

Take the car out on the road for a test drive; driving it around the block is not enough to test how it handles according to the Federal Trade Commission. The Dodge Durango is built for travel in all kinds of conditions, so make sure it is still capable by traveling on different roads and conditions, such as hilly areas, highways and in heavy traffic conditions. Make sure it does not feel top heavy when you are going around a curve, or does not hesitate when climbing hills.

Hire a trusted mechanic to inspect the Durango. If you do not know anyone, ask your friends and relatives. The mechanic will be able to give you an unbiased opinion on whether the Durango is worth the asking price. According to dodge.com, the Dodge Durango is the least costly of the larger SUV's, so you want to make sure you are getting the best price available.

Go over the interior with a careful eye, chances are if the interior was taken care of, the exterior and the engine was also. Regular maintenance and tune-ups can make or break the longevity of a vehicle, and if the maintenance was kept up, chances are the Durango will last for many years down the road.

Specifications for the 1994 Yamaha Seca II

The 1994 Yamaha XJ600S Seca II, marketed as the XJ600 Diverson in Europe, is a sport touring motorcycle. It was launched in 1994 and continued in production until 2004. It has a displacement of 599-cubic centimeters and a six-speed gearbox. Its selling points are its reliable engine, a low price tag and comfortable riding. However, its fuel efficiency is less than amazing, as its top speed -- for a sports bike -- and can be expensive on oil and other consumables, but the 1994 Yamaha XJ600S Seca II is a versatile, cheap and rugged bike perfect for entry-level riders.

Engine

The 1994 Yamaha XJ600S Seca II engine has a displacement of 599-cubic centimeters, or 36.55-cubic inches. It is an in-line, four-cylinder, V-8, four-stroke engine. The engine delivers a top speed of 117 miles per hour, 61 horsepower at 8,500 revolutions per minute, and a torque of 54.92 newtons minute.

Size and Frame

The 1994 Yamaha XJ600S Seca II weighs 412.3 lbs. It's seat height is 30.3 inches, on the lowest setting. The frame is made of a steel tube double cradle.

Fuel

The 1994 Yamaha XJ600S Seca II has a fuel capacity of 17 liters and an average fuel consumption of 52 miles per gallon. The tank range of the Seca II is 165 miles.

Tyres and Breaks

The 1994 Yamaha XJ600S Seca II has two 320-mm discs on the front brakes and a single 245-millimeter disc on the rear brake. The front tire is a 110/80 x 17 while the rear tire is a 130/70 x 18.

How to Get a Free Carfax Vehicle History Report

A free CARFAX vehicle history report lets you know what is on your vehicle history before you buy the report. You will still have to purchase the complete report however it is a great place to start learning about any used car. It is also simple to get one.

Instructions

1

Locate the VIN number of the used car you wish to research. You will find this on the dashboard of the car near the windshield or on the inside of the door frame. It is also located on your insurance card, and often available with the dealer's classified ad near the price.

2

Cut and paste the VIN into notepad and save it on your computer.

3

Navigate to a website that offers a free CARFAX vehicle history report and then enter the VIN into the appropriate box.

4

Once on the CARFAX website, check the box that says "Free CARFAX vehicle history report" and then submit your request. It will be downloaded or sent to your email box if you provide one.

What to Do After Buying a Used Car

The process of buying a used car is well documented, but what do you do afterward? There's still a lot that needs to be done, but it's all fairly easy. As long as you have a firm grasp on all the details, you'll be well prepared to drive and enjoy your new-old car.

Cleaning

Unless you've bought a certified pre-owned vehicle from a dealership, chances are excellent that you're going to need to so some heavy-duty cleaning. A complete detailing job may be necessary, including stripping back the wax and putting on a new coat. You'll probably also want to check all your fluid levels and clean out the engine bay while you're at it, as this gets filthy just from normal use.

You may want to tackle all these cleaning chores yourself, but if you don't, find a good local detailer who can do the work for you. Shop around -- prices may vary widely. Read some reviews, too -- some shops may be more reputable than others.

Taking care of paperwork

Make sure your insurance carrier knows about your new baby. Just like when you buy a new car, you'll need to provide them with the VIN, make, model, and year of the car you've just bought. Also, be ready to inform your insurance carrier of what type of alarm your new car has, if any. Ask for a fax or e-mail confirmation of your insurance coverage for this vehicle that you can carry in your glove box until your official insurance card comes in the mail. Hopefully you won't need it between now and then -- but it's best to be prepared.

Brake examination

You already should have checked this before buying the car, but you'll want to check it again now as well. Why? You'll be looking for different things now than you were before buying. When you were only thinking about buying, chances are you were just looking for problems that would prevent you from buying the car -- including brake issues. Now that you've actually bought the car, check the brakes again to see if you really ought to service them. This could include new brake pads, shoes, drums (if you've got them), or rotor resurfacing. Hopefully, if the car needed a whole new brake system, you spotted this beforehand -- and haven't gotten to this point, as you didn't buy the car in the first place.

How to Buy a Honda V Tech Engine

VTEC stands for "variable valve timing and lift electronic control" and refers to a unique engine design created by Honda Motor Company. A normal engine offers one of two choices: power and fuel efficiency. The Honda VTEC engine allows a blend of both these choices in one engine. It accomplishes this by using a special camshaft with two sets of cam lobes. The low lobe cams offer good fuel economy at low rpm. When VTEC engages, a pin that is activated by oil pressure moves the cam profile to the high lobe cams for increased power.

Instructions

1

Check local junkyards. Depending on where you live, you may be able to find a wrecked Honda equipped with a VTEC engine.

2

Shop online. While this method may be somewhat unreliable, there are several Internet-based suppliers that have made a name for themselves. Hmotors is one such store with a solid reputation. It also imports engines directly from Japan.

3

Check the engine to make sure that it has been leak-tested and that all sensors are functioning normally. A leak-down test ensures that there is optimal compression in the engine and that it is not damaged.

4

Buy bundled components. You can often save money buy buying the engine, transmission, motor mounts and shift linkages as a packaged set. Since you will need all of these components anyway, you may be better off buying them together. Junkyards and online stores that sell individual motors can and do sometimes charge more money for each individual component.

Boat Trailer Questions

Purchasing a boat can be a major step when it comes to an extracurricular activity for the family. The purchase of a trailer will be the second most major consideration. Boat trailers come in a wide variety of sizes, brands and configurations. Knowing which trailer fits your application and needs requires some forethought and planing.

New and Used

The differences between a new and used boat trailer can be vast. New trailers often come with a warranty, can be fitted and adjusted to the customer's application and can be very dependable for their first years of use -- a relatively trouble-free consideration. Used trailers might not fit your boat exactly, might require exterior sanding and finishing and may have hidden axle and wheel bearing damage. A used trailer may or may not require more effort and cost to restore it to a safe and functional condition than buying a new one.

Bunk and Roller Trailers

A bunk trailer has carpet or felt-covered skids that allows the boat to drive up and over the trailer frame. These trailers work well in deep-water ramps, where flotation problems don't exist. They function well for smaller, lighter aluminum and fiberglass boats. Roller trailers have multiple rollers installed in rails, which let the boat roll up over the trailer frame with the least resistance and winch pressure. Roller trailers work best for shallow ramps and non-ramp conditions, where the water level remains low and adequate flotation cannot be assured.

Construction Material

Steel trailer frames will require frequent maintenance and upkeep with the painted surfaces. Plain steel has a tendency to rust heavily, especially in salt water. Aluminum frame trailers weigh the least, can be maneuvered more easily and save on gas during transport. Aluminum will oxidize over time, and the surface will decay into a fine white powder. Aluminum resists rust and has more flex, making it ideal for smaller boat weights. Galvanized trailers resist decay and rust and fare better for larger vessels, but they can decay at rivet and seam joints.

Accessories

Consider whether accessories will assist your launch. Load guides help to center the craft when loading -- they use extensions to corral the nose of the boat. Swing tongues allow for sharp turning while launching in tight or narrow ramp areas, as well as swivel jacks. Tongue extensions lengthen the trailer for very shallow ramp launches. A tilt mechanism allows the boat to hinge up and slide into the water, which assists heavy boats in shallow launch conditions.

Size and Weight

Boat trailers have a gross vehicle weight rating placard, as mandated by Federal law. This includes the weight of the trailer, its average passenger, gasoline, water and gear weight. Generally speaking, the total gross weight of a boat should be 85 percent or less than the trailer's maximum carrying capacity. This allows a safe margin for towing and maneuvering. The boat length should not extend past the trailer end, since this destabilizes the load. A boat that measures 1 or 2 feet shorter than the trailer length provides better safety.

Hull Fit

Rather than considering a one-size-fits-all trailer design, the optimum consideration will be the shape of the hull for a proper trailer fit. Hulls come in deep-V, semi-V, flat bottom, tri-hull, catamaran and pontoon designs. The hull should fit the trailer profile precisely, rather than adjusting a universal trailer to its maximum modification to accommodate an exotic hull shape.

Trailer Brakes

Many states require trailer brakes on loads that exceed approximately 3,100 lbs. A dealer will know precisely what the state regulations outline for your specific needs. Trailer brakes have an advantage with small or undersized tow vehicles. Non-braking trailers that carry heavy gross weights put undue stress on the tow vehicle's braking system, as well as demand extra power and gas required for the engine. Trailer brakes assist in shorter stopping times, and they keep the trailer from wandering and fishtailing.

Multiple Axle Trailers

Dual and triple-axle trailers provide extra stability and carrying capacity for very large vessels, such as fixed, deep-keel sailboats, large cruisers, commercial fishing vessels and yachts. There is a weight threshold when multiple axles must be used, because the extra tires and tire surface contact area needs to support and stabilize heavier loads. Multiple axle trailers provide a stiffer ride, reducing flex and roll-over. They almost always contain trailer brakes, and they can cost more than the largest of the single axle designs.

How to Identify Military Buttons

Each branch of the military has different buttons and symbols to identify themselves: the Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Marines and Air Force. Different officers from different branches of the military wear different military buttons. If you are needing to determine which military buttons bear which significances, you can do so by keeping a few rules in mind.

Instructions

1

Look for an eagle on the button. It's usually gold, but some of the buttons can be brass. An eagle, especially in gold, signifies the button used for the Navy. The eagle is usually full and has its wings spread out. Some of these buttons have stars around the eagle, but the eagle is the one tell-tale sign of a Navy button.

2

Identify the Coast Guard military button by looking for an anchor. It is usually surrounded by a cloth or chain that is the same material as the anchor. They come in varying colors, but the most popular type of button is a silver anchor with a gold chain or ribbon.

3

Use the eagle to identify the Air Force military branch button. This time, though, the eagle will be perched on top of a symbol of another eagle and will have stars surrounding it. It's smaller than the Navy button and is usually brass, hanging on the top of the left or right shoulder.

4

Check for an eagle a third time to identify the Army button. It's much the same as a Navy button, but the eagle on an Army military button is normally smaller and has a symbol above its head. Most times there are no stars surrounding the eagle on the button, but it is bright gold like most Navy buttons are.

5

Find another eagle embroidered in gold for the Marine Corps button. The eagle is facing a different way and you can see the wings clearly, and the eagle has a chain surrounding it with an anchor hanging off the chain. There are subtle differences between military buttons, but this one is easily recognizable. The top half of the eagle is surrounded by stars.

Secrets to Buying a New Car

Customers often walk into a dealership not knowing much about the car they want to purchase or costs. In this case, the dealership can keep cost secret to maximize profit. Educating yourself through research and then properly negotiating with the dealer will save you time and money.

Car Pricing

You do not need to contact the dealership for initial pricing. The manufacturer's webpage offers a variety of shopping information, such as advertised monthly discounts and leasing programs. Also, you can build a virtual model of the car you want, which allows you to view all available packages and options for the vehicle. You can add and remove features to suit your needs and stay within your budget. Go to the manufacturer's website first to build the car you want before you visit a dealership. Then, view the details or leasing specials. Print out the car you built for later shopping use. This way, when you do go shopping on the dealer's lot, you'll know the correct vehicle purchase price without the unnecessary add-ons, such as a dealer and marketing fee or an extended warranty. Dealers try to hide different fees in the vehicle's price.

Fair Pricing

The Edmunds website offers a shopping tool called "True Market Value." Access this tool to view dealer invoice pricing and don't go by what the dealer says. Invoice pricing is the amount the dealer owns the car for, while MSRP (manufacturer's suggested retail pricing) is the sticker price--the difference between the two is the dealer intended profit. Rebates and discounts that you see advertised online do not come from the dealership. The discounts come from the manufacturer who later reimburses the dealer for loss of profit. Use the Edmunds pricing tool to view the invoice amount and ask for a discount off of the MSRP before applying any manufacturer discounts. Remember, dealers are in business to sell a product and make a profit--after you locate the invoice pricing, figure out a fair offer that minimizes that profit. Dealers do not give away vehicles, but consider an amount of $700 to $1,200 above invoice pricing before any more discounts as a fair offer.

Offers

You can get a better deal by emailing dealerships and shopping toward the end of the month. Dealers are more likely to make a deal toward the end of the month, as each month the dealership must meet monthly manufacturer goals and personal dealer profit and bonus goals. If you'd like to test-drive various vehicles before making a final decision, do so before making any offers. Once you've decided on the vehicle you want, go to the manufacturer's website to locate dealers in your area. Email offers. State what you want and that you are ready to buy if the dealer can meet your desired cost. If a dealer meets your number, email another dealership and offer them an opportunity to earn your business if they can beat the price you have. Once you find the best deal, arrange to go in and purchase the vehicle. Expect to leave a deposit by phone to secure the vehicle.

Types of Toyota Vigo Vehicles

The Toyota Vigo is an iteration of the successful Hilux range of pick-up trucks produced by the Japanese automaker since 1968. In production since 2005, the Vigo is manufactured by Toyota in Argentina for the Americas markets, in South Africa for the European market, and in Thailand for Asian and Australasian buyers. Three models of Hilux Vigo are sold by Toyota with a number of variations.

Available Models

The basic models of Vigo are the STD and Extra Cab, which is a two-seat model with two doors; the Smart Cab, which has two doors and a seating area behind the two front seats; and the four-door Double Cab, which has five seats.

Engines

The Vigo range is available with 2.0-liter engine sizes in both gasoline and diesel; 2.5 liters with turbo diesel; 2.7 liters; 3.0 liters with turbo diesel; and 4.0 liters.

Transmissions

The Vigo is available with a five-speed manual transmission, four-speed automatic transmission and a five-speed manual transmission.

Layout

All models of the truck have the engine located in the front. The Vigo is available as a rear-wheel-drive truck or in a four-wheel-drive version.

How to Read the VIN Number on a 2002 Silverado

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration mandates that every road vehicle sold in the United States after 1981 must have a unique 17-digit Vehicle Identification Number. Models sold before 1981 have shorter VIN numbers. Insurance companies, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of Motor Vehicles use the VIN to keep track of vehicles. The VIN also is used for tracking vehicle theft, warranty claims and recalls. Each VIN contains information describing the country where the vehicle was manufactured, the manufacturer's name and other details. The same rules apply to all vehicles in the U.S., including a 2002 Chevy Silverado.

Instructions

1

Look for the VIN, which is usually mounted on the dashboard on the driver's side near the window, or inside the doorframe. You might also find it on a proof of insurance card, in the vehicle's title and registration paperwork, or written in the owner's manual.

2

Notice that the first three characters of the VIN identify where the vehicle was built, its make and type. For example, "IGC" would indicate that it was made in the United States by Chevrolet and that it is a truck.

3

See characters four through eight, the Vehicle Description Section, which the manufacturer uses to identify features such as engine type, body style, and model.

4

Note that the ninth digit is a check number, used to verify that the rest of the VIN has been accurately represented.

5

Look at the tenth digit, which indicates the model year.

6

Notice numbers 12 through 17, which comprise the vehicle's unique serial number, assigned at the assembly plant.

7

Type the VIN into the Free VIN decoder at the Decode This website to get complete details about the VIN of a 2002 Silverado.

Ford 223 Specs

The Ford 223 was an inline, six-cylinder engine used in several of the company's cars and pickups from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, when it was phased out in favor of more powerful six- and eight-cylinder engines. The 223 remained the same basic engine throughout its tenure. However, minor revisions allowed the engine's brake horsepower -- its pure or raw horsepower -- to slightly increase over the years.

1954 Ford 223 Engine

The 1954 Ford 223 engine had a bore and stroke of 3.63 inches by 3.60 inches with a compression ration of 8.1:1. It had a maximum brake horsepower of 115 at 3,900 rpm and a maximum torque of 193 pound-feet at 1,000 rpm. The normal oil pressure for the 1954 223 was 50 pounds. It used Champion H10 spark plugs with a .035-inch spark plug gap. The firing order was 1-5-3-6-2-4. The long mark for the ignition timing was at top dead center (TDC), with subsequent marks at three, five, seven and nine degrees. The timing was set at three degrees before top dead center (BTDC). The engine idled at 475 rpm with the manual transmission and 450 rpm with the automatic transmission.

1957 Ford 223

In 1957, the normal oil pressure and bore and stroke remained the same, but the brake horsepower increased to 144 at 4,500 rpm and the maximum torque increased to 212 pound-feet at 2,400 rpm. The compression ratio also increased to 8.4:1.

Ford began using Champion 870 spark plugs with a .034-inch spark plug gap. The firing order remained the same, as it would every year for the 223. The ignition timing damper was marked at two-degree intervals from TDC to nine degrees BTDC. The timing was set at four degrees for the standard transmission and six degrees for the automatic. The idle speed was 475 rpm with either transmission.

1960 Ford 223 Engine

There were only minor changes to the performance specs for the Ford 223 between 1957 and 1960. The 1960 Ford 223 engine had 145 brake horsepower at 4,000 rpm and a maximum torque of 206 pound-feet at 2,200 rpm.

The specs were the same for the oil pressure, compression ratio, spark plug, spark-plug gap, ignition timing and idle speed in the 1960 Ford 223 engine as they were in the 1957 Ford 223 engine.

How to Calculate Gear Ratio to Tire Size

Gear ratio relates an engine's speed with its axles' speed, measured in revolutions per minute. Drivers easily determine their engine speed by checking their dashboard's relevant dial. No dial reveals the axle's speed, but you can calculate it from the vehicle's linear speed and the tires' size. If you know the gear ratio but not the tire size, use the engine speed, vehicle speed and gear ratio to calculate the size of the tires.

Instructions

1

Multiply the gear ratio by the engine speed in revolutions per minute. If the gear ratio is 5.35 and the car runs at 4,000 RPM: 5.35 x 4,000 RPM = 746.97. This is the axle speed in revolutions per minute.

2

Multiply the answer by 2.

746.97 x 2 = 1,493.94

3

Multiply the answer by pi.

1,493.94 x 3.14 = 4,691

4

Divide by the vehicle's speed in miles per hour. If the car travels at 40 miles per hour: 4,691/40 = 117.3.

5

Divide 1,056 by your answer: 1,056 /117.3 = 9. This is the tire's radius in inches.

Mercedes C-Class Specifications & Information

The Mercedes-Benz USA division formed in 1965. However, Mercedes-Benz Sales, Inc. had been selling the Mercedes-Benz automobile in the United States beginning in 1957. The 2011 C300 Luxury Sedan is a part of the C-Class Series line of automobiles. The automobile comes with all-wheel drive, has rain sensing wipers and the interior lights up when you enter. The suggested retail price starts at $35,900 as of October 2010.

Performance

The 2011 C300 Luxury Sedan features an electronic automatic transmission and 24-valve V-6 engine that generates 228 hp and 221 foot-pounds of torque at 5,000 rpm. The sedan reaches 60 mph in 7.1 seconds. The fuel tank holds 17.4 gallons of gas and gets 18 mpg in the city and 26 mpg on the highway.

Brakes and Wheels

The Mercedes C300 sedan comes with an anti-lock braking system and four-wheel disc brakes that are dual-circuit power-assisted. The vehicle comes standard with 17-inch five-spoke rims with 225/45 R17 all-season performance tires.

Interior

The C300 Luxury Sedan comes equipped with a four-way tilt steering column, one-touch power windows and an enhanced temperature control with a sun sensor that detects the sun's location. The dual-zone automatic climate control has separate driver and passenger control and the air conditioner features an electrostatic pollen and dust filter.

Dimensions

The 2011 C300 Luxury Sedan is 183.3 inches long, 56.9 inches high and 69.7 inches wide with the mirrors folded in. The vehicle offers 37.1 inches of front headroom, 41.7 inches of front legroom, 36.9 inches of rear headroom and 33.4 inches of rear legroom.

The History of the E36 BMW

BMW produced the entry-level luxury E36 3 Series coupe, sedan, convertible, hatchback and the European wagon from 1992 to 1999. The E36 was part of the third generation of 3 Series compact cars that also included the E36 M3 performance model. Its sleek dolphin-shaped body style made it was one the most sporty luxury vehicles on the road in Europe and North America.

Origins

BMW introduced the 3 Series in 1975 as an answer to buyers who yearned for a luxury car, but had a tight pocketbook. Each generation had an "E" designation with the E21 running from 1975 to 1983, followed by the 1982 to 1992 E30, the 1992 to 1999 E36, the 1998 to 2005 E46 and the 2005 to 2011 E90. BMW scheduled an F30 model for 2012. Numerous other E code names identify the 1, 5, 6 and 7 series.

Models

The E36 BMW came in five styles with various engine applications available throughout the decade. The hatchback was available as the 316i, 318ti and 318tds. The sedan came as 316i, 318i, 318is, 320i, 323i, 325i, 325td, 325tds, 328i and 328tds. The touring, or wagon, model featured the 316i, 318i, 318tds, 320i, 323i, 328i and the 325tds. The coupe featured the 316i, 318i, 318is, 320i, 323i, 325i and 328i. The convertible had the 318i, 320i, 325i and 328i. The "3" identified the model as a 3 Series and the last two numbers the engine size. The "i" denoted fuel injection. The "td" was turbo diesel and "tds" stood for turbo diesel sport.

E36 Details

The E36 models were larger than the E30 versions and featured the rear Z-axle multi-link suspension system lifted from the E31 850CSi model to give it sure-footed handling on the curves and a smoother ride. It sat on a 106.3-inch wheelbase and measured a tidy 165.7 inches long. The three primary engines were the 318i, 325i and the 328i. The 318i equipped with a 1.9-liter four-cylinder engine developed 134 horsepower and 138 foot-pounds of torque to allow it to clock 0 to 60 mph in 11.3 seconds. The 325i's six-cylinder engine displaced 2.5 liters, and generated 189 horsepower and 184 foot-pounds of torque to reach 60 in 7.6 seconds. The 328i's six-cylinder power plant had a 2.8-liter displacement, and wielded 193 horsepower and 196 foot-pounds of torque. It hit 60 mph in 6.9 seconds.

E36 M3

The first European performance E36 M3 in 1992 featured a 3-liter in-line six-cylinder engine. Its in-house designation was S50B30 and it produced 286 horsepower. By 1996, the E36 M3's engine received an upgrade to 3.2 liters and a jump in output to 321 horsepower. The M3 shared its larger braking system and six-speed manual transmission with the BMW M5 performance car. For exports to North America, BMW diluted the E36 M3 with the 3-liter straight-six to just 240 horsepower. Yet its off-the-line clocking to 60 mph was an impressive 6.2 seconds. A CSL version, or coupe sports lightweight, enhanced the performance of the U.S. imports with a 3.23-to-1 rear gear ratio instead of the standard 3.15-to-1 version.

Safety of Ford Motors Compared With Competitors

Shoppers considering a new Ford vehicle may want to know how its safety stacks up against competitors. The nonprofit Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) rates vehicles as good, acceptable, marginal or poor based on how well they protect occupants in simulated crashes.

Cars

The 2011 Ford Taurus ranks as one of the IIHS' top safety picks, meaning that it achieved good ratings in all of the institute's tests and offers electronic stability control. Other cars receiving this designation included the 2011 Toyota Avalon, Buick Regal and Lincoln MKS. In contrast, the 2011 Hyundai Azera received an "acceptable" rating for its protection in side-impact crashes and a good rating for front-crash safety.

Trucks

The full-size 2011 Ford F150 pickup truck received good scores for front and side crash protection. One of its competitors, the 2011 Chevrolet Silverado 1500, got a good score for front-crash safety, with an acceptable mark in side-impact collisions. The 2011 Nissan Titan achieved a good score up front, but a marginal score for side-impact protection.

Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs)

Small SUVs named as top safety picks include the 2011 Kia Sportage and Hyundai Tucson. The 2011 Ford Escape received good marks for front- and side-crash safety and a marginal mark for roof strength.

How to Buy Cars at an Auto Auction in Minnesota

Car auctions are a place for enthusiasts and the thrifty to converge. Minnesota offers many opportunities for prospective buyers to find their ideal vehicle and a number of different beneficiaries for the outcome of that sale.

Types

Two of the most popular types of auctions in Minnesota are government and charity auctions. The former may be a result of state-conducted repossessions that provide low prices. Alternatively, charity proceeds go to a needy cause. Prominent auction related charities in Minnesota are Make a Wish Childrens' Charity Foundation and Disabled American Veterans.

Considerations

Ascertain the working condition of the vehicle. Check with past owners, if possible, and ensure all related paperwork is available for your records. Research retail or market prices of considered vehicles before bidding. You don't want to overpay. Determine any fees your auctioneer requires upon a winning bid as well as vehicle removal procedures and forms of payment you can use.

Economizing

Since auctions are a good place to get a car at a reduced price, it may be an ideal venue for getting a teenager's first automobile or an interim vehicle to get you from Point A to Point B. You might finally find that perfect hot rod or muscle car you've always wanted for less than the dealer would ever dream of offering.

How to Lease a Mercedes

Leasing yourself a new Mercedes-Benz is easier than ever with today's online tools. Leasing your new Mercedes-Benz requires you to do a bit of homework before you go down to the dealership and sign your new lease. Finding out what deals are currently available from Mercedes-Benz financial and other banks will help you secure the best lease possible for you new car.

Instructions

1

Test drive the Mercedes-Benz you are interested in leasing, which can be done at a dealership. Take out the different trim levels available for the model you are considering, bigger wheels, sport package or any other trim levels you are considering to see if one suits your needs better than the other.

2

Decide on color combinations and options that work best for you along with what type of lease term will suit your needs. MBUSA.com will have all available color combinations and options list available for you to look at online along with pricing.

3

Submit your request for lease quotes from multiple Mercedes-Benz dealers. Be specific and consistent with each dealer. Make sure you receive quotes for the exact model and lease term you are looking for to make a fair comparison from the multiple quotes you receive.

4

Choose the best quote and schedule a day and time to pick up your new Mercedes-Benz lease or ask if the dealership offers delivery service to your home or office.

5

Have all of your paperwork ready when the dealership asks for it. A copy of your driver's license, a current insurance card and a signed and dated credit application are all the necessary items needed to get all of your paperwork ready.

6

Ask about maintenance from your salesperson or finance manager for your new Mercedes-Benz lease. You might be able to get a plan that covers all of your scheduled maintenance for the duration of the lease term.

Questions to Ask When Buying a Second Hand Car

When you see a car advertised for sale, there are two stages of information gathering you should be prepared to do: the qualification stage during which you discover whether the car is actually what you are looking for and if you get a good feeling about the owner's truthfulness. Then you move on to the inspection stage---but before that, arm yourself with a Carfax on the car.

Qualify the Car

Before you make an appointment to view the car ask the owner how many miles is on the odometer, how many owners the car has had, if it has any special equipment, any special problems and why the owner is selling it. If all answers make sense, ask how long the car has been for sale and if the owner would consider accepting less than the asking price. Last, ask for the VIN (vehicle identification number) so you can order a Carfax report on the car. Then make an appointment to see the car if you are still interested.

Inspect the Car

When inspecting the car, ask to see the maintenance records. If there are no maintenance records, ask what kind of motor oil the car uses. A person who changes the oil or has it changed often will know what kind the car uses---or at least where to find the sticker that tells what kind of oil to use. If the owner doesn't know what kind of oil, the next question to ask is if you can take the car to your mechanic for an inspection. If the owner hesitates to let you take the car to a mechanic, take that as a bad sign. If there is any difference between what the owner tells you about the car and what Carfax reports, that is also a good reason to look for a different car.

Test Drive

If you are still considering the car, ask to test drive it. Start out with the radio and air conditioning off so you can hear the engine start and run. If there are any odd sounds, ask the owner if the car has been in an accident or has had flood damage. While on a smooth straight road, take your hands off the wheel for a moment to see if the car pulls to one side or the other. If it does, ask the owner when the alignment was last checked. Any steering irregularities can indicate that the car has structural damage.

The Advantages of Automatic Over Conventional Transmissions

Since their introduction in the 1950s automatic transmissions have become the most popular transmissions in cars sold in the United States. Although manual transmissions are sometimes considered more fun to operate, most drivers choose to buy vehicles with automatic transmissions. Manual transmissions used to hold advantages in fuel economy and longevity, but these advantages have diminished over time as automatics continue to be improved. Automatic transmissions hold some of their own advantages as well.

Convenience

Automatic transmissions are more convenient to operate than manual transmissions. Manual transmissions require constant attention from the driver as the vehicle is operated while a vehicle with an automatic transmission can simply be placed into gear and driven. Automatic transmissions do not require simultaneous operation of both a clutch and accelerator pedal. Automatic transmissions also allow drivers to use both hands continuously for steering while a manual transmission requires the driver to steer with one hand and operate the gearshift with the other.

Ease of operation

Automatic transmissions require less skill to operate. To operate an automatic transmission, the driver only has to place the gearshift into the desired position before driving the vehicle. Manual transmissions require a driver to learn how to operate the clutch, accelerator and brake pedals in a coordinated manner. Manual transmissions also require the driver to learn how to shift the transmission into the proper gears at the proper times. Manual transmissions are more difficult to operate on hills when a vehicle is starting from a dead stop as the vehicle will tend to roll backwards until the clutch is engaged.

Safety

Vehicles equipped with manual transmissions may move unexpectedly if the vehicle is started while the transmission is in gear. Automatic transmissions have safety switches which will not allow the vehicle to start unless the gear selector is placed in the park position. Automatic transmissions reduce the chances of engine damage caused by driver errors and excessive engine speeds that can occur with a manual transmission

How to Negotiate a Fair Used Car Price

Used cars offer buyers a way to obtain a dependable vehicle without paying the high prices associated with new automobiles. However, negotiating a fair price on a used car is just as important as if you were purchasing a brand-new vehicle. Whether you are purchasing the car from an individual or a car dealership, researching prices and car information ahead of time saves you money and serves as an effective bargaining tool when negotiations heat up.

Instructions

Prior to Making an Offer

1

Research the car using online resources like Kelley Blue Book. This website offers resale information for all used and new cars, complete with different prices depending on the condition of the vehicle. Print this information to take with you during negotiations.

2

Compile a list of current prices for the used car at other dealerships in your area. Most car dealerships now have websites with up-to-date pricing information. Print your list to take with you when you go to look at the car.

3

Obtain financing, if necessary, before negotiating. If you are buying the car from an individual, this makes the process easier, and offering a cash sale serves as an effective bargaining tool. Car dealerships often charge extra fees to process vehicle financing. So, secure the funds to pay for the car through your bank or another financing institution.

Making the Offer

4

Make a fair offer on the used car. Be firm, but consider reasonable counteroffers as well. If the price still seems too expensive, negotiate with the individual or salesman by showing him your research on comparable pricing.

5

Consider any extras offered by the person selling the car. Car dealerships often add special deals, like free oil changes, complimentary car washes or even discounted warranties. If these bonuses compensate for a slightly higher price, then consider accepting the deal.

6

Do not be afraid to walk away from the sale. If the offer is more than you have budgeted, avoid succumbing to any high-pressure sales tactics and stop negotiations. The buyer is in control when shopping for a used car.

How to Find If Your Used Car Went Through All Recalls

Whenever your vehicle's manufacturer uncovers a flaw or potential safety hazard inherent in your vehicle, it often issues a recall notification to allow owners to have this corrected at no cost to the owner. However, if you purchase a used car from a used car dealer or private party, it is best to find out if any existing recalls have been performed on the vehicle. The longevity of your new purchase and the safety of you and your passengers depend on it.

Instructions

1

Call the local dealer's service department and ask to speak with a service writer. These men and women have access to the manufacturer's recall database. Make sure before you call, you are calling a dealer that services the same brand as your used car.

2

Advise the service writer that you recently purchased a used vehicle. Let him know the year, make and model and then ask if he can look to see if you have any outstanding recalls.

3

Relay your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) to the service writer when he asks for it. Once the writer has your VIN, he can run it through the particular manufacturer's database and discover any outstanding recalls that may exist.

4

Schedule a time to have the recalls addressed--if any are discovered for your used car--while you are still on the phone with the service writer. This will also open the door for a solid relationship with your vehicle manufacturer's local service department.

How to Cancel an Extended Warranty on a Car

Once you find your perfect car, it may seem like the decision process is over. But you still need to decide what extras or features you want, what type of insurance you need and whether or not you want to purchase an extended warranty. An extended warranty may seem like good idea at the time you purchase your car, but after some thought, you may decide that you want to cancel the warranty. You may also find a better warranty and therefore need to cancel the first warranty.

Instructions

1

Read over your extended warranty contract carefully. The contract will let you know how much you can get back once your warranty is cancelled, depending on how many miles you've driven your car and other factors. It will also tell you if there are any fees for cancelling the warranty.

2

Visit the dealership where you purchased your car, and ask to speak with the Finance Manager or the person in charge of handling car warranties. You may want to call ahead to schedule an appointment with this person.

3

Let the Finance Manager know that you'd like to cancel your extended warranty. After you purchase the warranty, you can cancel it any time.

4

Read over and sign the document that the Finance Manager provides you with. This document is a cancellation form, and it will explain the terms of your cancellation, including how much money you get back.

5

Ask for a copy of this form. Make sure the copy has your signature on it and the date you signed it. You'll need to have a copy of the cancellation form in case there are any problems with your account in the future as proof that you cancelled the extended warranty on that date. Double check to make sure the cancellation form is signed and dated.

6

Check back with the Finance Manager every few days until the cancellation form is submitted to the right place.

How Does a Classic Car Auction Work?

Classic car auctions usually are set up so that there is a car show at the same time. This gives people the chance to look at all of the cars, plus see trophy-winning cars. It also gives them the chance to visit with the owner of the car and ask any pertinent questions about the history of the classic car.

Classic car auctions are set up so that they run over a course of a weekend. Sometimes they last longer depending on the venue and the season. Once the car show is completed, cars will go through the auction. Sometimes cars are just lined up and the auctioneer will read off the number assigned to the car, year, make, model and a blurb about the car. It is up to the buyer to remember which car was assigned which number, if he is interested in buying that particular car.

Other auctions have an auction house, and the owners drive or push the cars through a set of doors. They then wait while the car before them is auctioned off. The auctioneer will talk about the car a bit, look for bidders, then will talk about the car again in an attempt to drive up bids. He has quite a bit of information about the car and can use it at will to drive the price of the car up. Once that car is done, it is driven out and the next car takes its place.

If a car is bought, the buyer usually has to have a certified bank check or cash. He then pays the auction house, which then pays the buyer. The auction house keeps its fees out of the proceeds of the sale.

Bidding is usually open bidding where the auctioneer starts off with a price, then takes bids. People bid against each other. If they want the car bad enough, and have the funds, they will keep going up in their bids.

The classic cars may or may not have a reserve price on them, but most do. A reserve is the least amount of money a buyer will accept through the auction. Bidding starts below the reserve, and will continue until there are no bidders. If the last bidder meets or exceeds the reserve, he wins the auction. If he does not meet the reserve, the car is not sold, but the buyer has a chance to agree to at least the reserve price. He is not obligated to meet the reserve price, but he will not be going home with that car if he cannot meet the reserve price.

If you plan to purchase a classic car through an auction, be sure to visit prior to the auction date to look the car over. Meet with the owner if you have any questions about the car or its history. You may even get lucky to get the owner to give you a test drive.

Specifications for a 1992 Mercury Grand Marquis

The Mercury Grand Marquis is a full-sized family sedan manufactured by the Lincoln-Mercury division of the Ford Motor Co. The Grand Marquis was introduced in 1983 and is a twin of the Ford Crown Victoria. For the 1992 model year, it retained its standard features, but its outer appearance was modernized and a new engine implemented.

Model and Production

The Mercury Grand Marquis became a car model in 1983 after having been a trim line for the earlier Mercury Monterey since 1975. The Grand Marquis had a more modern, curvy and aerodynamic appearance for its 1992 model year. Additionally, a 4.6-liter overhead cam V-8 engine was introduced.

Trim Levels

In 1992, the Mercury Grand Marquis was available to consumers in two trim levels. The GS was a base model, while the LS was a higher-end model. Both models were rear-wheel drive and had the same engine, chassis and transmission.

Engine

The standard engine for the 1992 Mercury Grand Marquis was a 4.6-liter V-8 engine with 190 horsepower at 4,250 rpm. The Marquis engine had a 90.2-mm bore, with a 90-mm stroke and a 9-to-1 compression ratio.

Dimensions

The 1992 Mercury Grand Marquis was 212.4 inches long, 77.8 inches wide, and 56.9 inches high. The curb weight of the GS model was 3,768 lbs., while the curb weight of the LS was 3,780 lbs. Both models had a 114-inch wheelbase.

Other Specs

The standard transmission for the 1992 Grand Marquis was a four-speed automatic transmission with overdrive. All models were available with either four-wheel anti-lock brakes (ABS) or rear-wheel ABS. Average fuel economy was 18 miles per gallon (mpg_ in the city and 25 mpg on the highway. The Marquis fuel tank held 20 gallons of unleaded fuel.

How to Buy a Used Saab

The Swedish car company Saab has been producing cars since about 1950. Purchasing a used Saab saves money and eliminates the stress of monthly car payments required for financing a new car. Saab car dealerships offer certified pre-owned models that must meet high standards of quality and mechanical specifications. Individuals are often willing to sell a used Saab privately as well.

Instructions

1

Determine how much you can afford to spend on purchasing a used Saab vehicle. Factor possible maintenance costs and repairs into your budget in case the Saab you purchase needs some work done.

2

Research user reviews and consumer reports to determine the Saab model that best fits your needs. Choose between the sedan, sports sedan, wagon and convertible models based on factors like seating space, size, economy and speed. Try to narrow your choices down to two models.

3

Compare the safety ratings of your top two choices of Saab models to determine which car offers better protection in the event of an accident. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety provides safety ratings for used Saab models based on a variety of high-speed crash tests and seat belt quality.

4

Search through automotive magazines and the classified newspaper ads to find individuals selling used Saab vehicles. Contact the owners and set up a meeting date and time to inspect and test drive the Saab. A 2008 article on "CNN Money" suggests careful inspection of a car's interior features, exterior, radio, window and seat adjustments, highway acceleration, right and left turn handling, brakes and comfort during a test drive.

5

Visit a local Saab dealership and have a salesperson show you the available used models. Ask the dealer to let you test drive a few Saab models in your price range. Take the car dealer's business card before leaving so you can contact him for a future purchase.

6

Call private sellers and the Saab salesperson and ask for the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) for each used Saab model you are serious about purchasing. Use the VIN to look up each Saab's vehicle history report to reveal any past accidents, water damage, title issues and ownership history. Many websites offer used car history reports for free.

7

Meet with the private seller or Saab salesperson to negotiate a used car sale for the model of your choice. Consider the Saab's mileage, history report, safety ratings, model reviews, gas mileage and year to negotiate a fair selling price. Sign all contract or title paperwork and get everything in writing.

8

Visit your local motor vehicle department to fill out the necessary paperwork and confirm the title/ownership of your used Saab. Call your automotive insurance company and provide them with your used Saab's year, model, VIN number, color and mileage information to add the vehicle to your car insurance policy.

How Do I Buy a Used Car in Jiddah?

Jiddah, or Jeddah as it is more commonly transliterated in English, is a city in Saudi Arabia situated on the Red Sea. Jeddah is a common destination for expatriates, meaning that many industries are familiar with dealing with Western buying practices. Buying a used car in Jeddah, therefore, is little different than buying a used car anywhere in the Western world. Many of the transactions can even be conducted in English, and most will accept U.S. dollars as currency.

Instructions

1

Search the Internet to find car sellers located in Jeddah. Many expatriate websites contain classified sections, which means you can buy from someone who is perhaps returning to their home country or can deal in English as a native language.

2

Ask around when you are in Jeddah. Many Arabic countries work on systems of personal connections, and Saudi Arabia is no different. Asking people if they know of anyone selling a car could soon reap results. Alternatively, ask for a car dealership, and be sure to get a number of options before buying.

3

Research the price, taking into account exchange rates. The more research you do, the more comfortable you will be in agreeing on a price when it comes to buying. Choose an upper limit of what you are prepared to pay, and make an offer below this. Middle Eastern countries are far more comfortable with haggling. If possible, have quotes from other dealerships. The less you appear to want the car, the lower it will be sold to you. If you seem desperate, the price will be higher.

4

Agree on a price and buy the car. Do not attempt to lower the price further once you have made an agreement. The Middle East places great value on trust. If you change an agreement, you will have broken the trust, and the deal may be off.

How to Buy a Used Suzuki Grand Vitara

Whether you're buying a new or used vehicle, the purchase of a car is a major decision in a person's life. Once you've weighed your options and decided that the Suzuki Grand Vitara is the right fit for your lifestyle, it can really pay off to do a little bit of research before you hit the car lots. Finding out about the options available and a general price range is key to ensuring that you get the best used car for your money.

Instructions

1

Decide on the Grand Vitara that fits your budget. The Grand Vitara went into production in 1999 and has been popularly produced for a decade. There will be a wide fluctuation of price ranges for the used Grand Vitaras depending on whether you decide to purchase a 1999 model (about $3,000 to $5,000 as of August 2009) or a 2008 model ($13,000 to $19,000).

2

Research pricing and optional features (for example, you may need 4WD, which comes as an option on the Vitara). Decide whether you would prefer a higher mileage but later model vehicle, or an earlier model with lower miles. The best way to research the average price on buying a Grand Vitara is to visit Kelley Blue Book online. By using this free service, you can find out which options are available on certain model Grand Vitaras and get an idea of what you are expected to pay for the Grand Vitara you want.

3

Start shopping. Because many used-car dealers may not have a Grand Vitara in stock, the best thing to do is to call the individual dealerships and ask if they have any in stock at present. Another good place to look is online through classifieds such as Craigslist and auction sites such as eBay motors. Cars.com and Carmax.com also carry a wide variety of Suzuki vehicles, including Grand Vitaras. And don't forget that your local Suzuki dealer also sells used cars, so be sure to make a trip to its lot as well.

How to Evaluate a used car before the test drive

When buying a used car or truck no one wants to buy a lemon. This article will give you the tools to quickly evaluate if a car is worth investigating further. Before you take it for a test drive, get that Carfax report or take the car to a mechanic follow these steps to evaluate potential problems.

Instructions

1

Check the obvious, the exterior for signs of rust, the interior for wear on the seats and odor. Check out the buttons wipers, radio, CD, windows, heat, defroster, mirrors and air conditioning.

2

Check the trunk for signs of water. You may want to look under the carpet. I have found more than one spare tire submerged in water. Check the floor mat and around the doors for signs of leakage.

3




Check the pedals. They will often tell you a story about how the vehicle was driven. The pedals shown in the accompanying photo are from a Chevy truck with 125,000 miles. I would buy this vehicle biased on this low brake pedal wear. Pay particular attention to the brake pedal. A worn out brake pedal means that the car has done a lot of hard stopping. Simply meaning the car or truck has been driven hard; a car driven this way is much more likely to have transmission problems than one driven with less wear.

4




Check tires. The picture shows a worn tire. Tires are relatively cheap and I prefer to see a worn tire. This tire shows relatively even tread wear. I can see that it was driven slightly under inflated for a majority of its life due to the fact that the center is not as worn as the edges. The tires on the front of the car, truck or SUV will tell you the most about the suspension. A vehicle with the inside worn more than the outside or vice versa can tell you the vehicle has suspension problems right away. Beware of vehicles with badly cupped tires as well. Be suspicious when tires have been recently changed.

5




Check antifreeze over flow reservoir. Most modern vehicles should have orange antifreeze in the overflow reservoir. If you see a silver or dark cloudy mixture in this tank run don't walk. This is a sign of engine trouble.

6

Check dipstick. Oil should be a clear light brown to black. I am always suspicious if the oil looks too clean. When someone has really clean oil in an older car it means that they may have changed it to sell the automobile. Check the cap where oil is added to the vehicle. You do not want to see any brown looking creamy substance.

7




Check the floor or driveway where the vehicle is stored. Spots on the floor are very reveling. In the case of this picture there are some spots on the right side of the picture. The owner claims they were caused by spilling antifreeze while filling the reservoir. This is probable since the spots are obviously old.

8

Test drive the car.
Invest wisely.

How to Find a KIA Dealer

If you are interested in buying a new car on a limited budget, Kia Motors, a South Korean automotive manufacturer, offers a range of budget-priced, modern vehicles. It has dealerships located around the world.

Basic Information

Car companies generally have a central website with a link - prominently displayed on the front page - that allows you to locate the nearest branch or outlet where a product might be purchased. Kia is no exception (for instance, Kia Motors United States has a link on its main website, Kia.com).

Function

Clicking on this link will take you to a separate page (or pop-up window) where you can enter or select (perhaps by using a drop-down menu) your zip code or state. The site will then take you to a page that lists Kia dealerships close to your area. It may also display them on a map.

Alternative Methods

If you do not have access to the Internet, or have limited access, it is still possible to find a Kia dealer in your area. You might consult your local telephone directory or a local printed resource, such as a community newspaper.

How to Choose a Used Motorcycle

A used motorcycle can contain hidden damage that could lead to expensive maintenance down the road or potential injuries from its use. There are a few key areas to look at carefully when you choosing a bike that is right for you. Consider your own experience with a bike and the activities you intend to enjoy with your used bike. Choose a bike that is right for you and to ensure that you enjoy riding it.

Instructions

1

Pick the type of motorcycle you want. Sport bikes are fast, aggressive and require experience to ensure safety. Cruisers provide a more relaxed ride, which makes them ideal for first-time drivers. Choppers are a comfortable option but can be too ostentatious for some riders. Touring bikes are ideal for long trips. Know which type of bike you want, to cut down on your shopping time. Choose based on your experience with motorcycles and intended activities with your new bike.

2

Shop multiple local used motorcycle dealerships and check the want ads for private sellers. If your budget is low, consider private dealers. There is a higher risk of purchasing a motorcycle with hidden damage when buying from an independent source. Dealerships are more expensive but can provide a detailed history of the motorcycle. Some dealerships include a small dealer's warranty. The added cost of buying from a dealership is well worth it, especially if you are new to motorcycles.

3

Examine the motorcycle carefully, once you have selected one of interest. Scrutinize the frame. Damage to a bike's frame can be a serious hazard or lead to expensive repairs later. If you find any damage, such as dents, wear or fractures, move on to other options. These damages can seem minor but they are indicative of more severe frame damage. Remove the seat and other removable items, to continue your inspection of the bike's frame.

4

Inspect the chain for signs of wear and corrosion. The chain is an inexpensive repair, but its condition tells you if the motorcycle has been well-maintained.

5

Check the battery and tires. If you find damage or corrosion to these, it means your initial purchase will be more expensive due to some early maintenance. Request a thorough history of the bike. Ask questions about maintenance and any accidents in the bike's history.

6

Test-drive your chosen motorcycle. Ensure it is a right fit for your driving style. If you feel unsure or insecure on the motorcycle, continue shopping. Find a bike that fits your style and feels natural on the road. Listen for any engine irregularities and make sure to check the brake system. Your motorcycle must feel comfortable.

How to Test a C6 Corvette

The C6 is a version of the Chevrolet Corvette and has been manufactured since 2005. The Corvette is often referred to as the only true American sports car. The vehicle is available as a two-door coupe or a convertible. The LS3 engine in the base model produces 430 horsepower with the most expensive ZR1 model putting out a whopping 638 horsepower. The best way to test a C6 Corvette is to first do your research, then drive one.

Instructions

1

Do your research. Locate brochures and information about the C6 on the Internet and magazines. Read the reviews from others that have tested the car.

2

Research the options that are available. Make a list of the options and features you need to have versus the ones you want. The different performance upgrades available on the C6 Corvette are very expensive. Check with your insurance agent to find the rates they will charge you. Determine if a new or used car is in your budget. Make sure you test drive a car that you can afford.

3

Locate a dealer or private seller in your area and arrange a test drive

4

Examine the outside of the car and look for any scratches or dings in the paint. Check the glass to see if there are any chips or cracks. Check the condition of the tires and wheels. Examine the body and door seams to make sure they are all straight. Check the hood alignment to determine if the car has any visible front end accident damage. Corvettes can be costly to repair.

5

Get inside the car and adjust the seat and mirrors. Evaluate the layout of the controls to see if they are all easily readable. Examine the fabric of the interior and determine if the seats are in good condition and are comfortable to you. Check the overall visibility through the windshield, side windows, mirrors, and rear window of the car. Determine if the overall feel of the car is acceptable to you.

6

Start the car. Check all of the gauges and controls to make sure they work. Check the odometer for the correct mileage if it is a used car.

7

Take the car out on the road. Look for responsiveness and smooth shifting. Listen for any unusual noises. Press firmly on the brakes to determine if they are operating properly. Take the car out on the expressway and test the acceleration. Go to an area to test the car through a few sharp corners to make sure the suspension is operating properly.

8

Park the car and walk around it again. Look for any leaks or things you may have missed.

Michigan Lemon Law Guidelines

A "lemon law" is an American state law that protects and compensates purchasers of substandard cars. Though the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act protects consumers in all states, each state has its own set of lemon law statutes.

What Is Covered?

Michigan's lemon laws protect purchasers of all passenger cars, including pickups, sport utility vehicles and vans. The purchase must have been made in the state of Michigan or by a Michigan resident and the vehicle must have been covered by a manufacturer's warranty at the time of purchase.

Repairs

To be considered defective and eligible for compensation, a vehicle must have undergone four unsuccessful repair attempts for the same problem (within two years of the date of the first repair attempt,) or have been out of service (and under repairs) for 30 days. A consumer has a year from the date of purchase to report a defect in writing to the manufacturer.

Compensation

Under the Michigan lemon law, a buyer has the right to demand either a refund or a comparable replacement vehicle. A refund includes the initial purchase price, plus the amount of all charges and modifications made by the manufacturer, minus a reasonable allowance for use and any damages not caused by the defect or normal use. The manufacturer is also obligated to reimburse the consumer for towing or rental costs that resulted from the defect.

How to Negotiate a Price and Buy a Used Car

Don't offer too little to start out, but don't take the seller's first offer either. Remember: You get what you pay for.

Instructions

1

Check the Kelley Blue Book value for the model and year of the car and compare it with the asking price. The Blue Book is a catalog of car values, available at most libraries, banks and online (see Resources).

2

Make a fair offer that fits your budget. Avoid a figure that greatly undervalues the car.

3

If the offer is not accepted, ask for a counteroffer. If it is too high, point out any problems you noticed about the car.

4

Make a second offer. This should be the counteroffer minus the cost of fixing any problems with the car.

5

Continue until you reach an agreement or a stalemate.

6

Pay with a money order or a cashier's check.

7

Ask the seller to sign the title to transfer ownership to you. Federal law requires the seller to provide you with two documents: the title certificate of the vehicle and an odometer statement showing the car's mileage. Certain states may require smog certificates and other forms. Call your department of motor vehicles to determine exactly what you'll need.

8

Note that in many states the seller is required to contact the motor vehicles department to inform it of the transfer of ownership. It's your responsibility to change the registration.

How to Decode Modern Car VIN Numbers

A Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) is a unique serial number used by the motor industry to allow them to accurately confirm and register the details of each new car. They have been in effect since 1981, and since their inception, it has been easy to track the life of a car -- meaning you are less likely to pick up a second-hand lemon with a dubious history. Each digit of the VIN refers to a certain attribute, and if you know what to look for, then these 17 digits could tell you all you need to know.

Instructions

1

Find out the country of your vehicle's birth using the very first digit of the VIN umber. U.S.A is 1 or 4, Canada is 2, Mexico is 3, Japan is identified by J and England by S.

2

Confirm the manufacturer of your vehicle using the second digit. Audi will be signaled by A, BMW by B, and Honda with an H as the secondnd digit.

3

Identify the vehicle type or manufacturing division using the next digit of the VIN number. Chevrolet is 1, Pontiac 2, and Buick is 4.

4

Find out more about the safety features of your car using the fourth digit. A means non-passive restraints, B identifies automatic belts and inflatable restraint is signaled by C as the fourth digit.

5

Find out the series of your car using the VIN number, too. There are many different sequences, but an example would be W to indicate a Malibu Classic, K to identify a four-wheel drive truck, and Z to tell you that you have a Monte Carlo.

6

Confirm the body style of your vehicle using the sixth and 7th digits. As a reference point the Landau Coupe would be signified by 03, a two-door coupe by 08, and a station wagon by 35.

7

Look at the 8th digit to verify the engine which is inside your car.

8

Verify the VIN accuracy using the 9th digit which is known as a check digit and is generally only used by the authorities.

9

Identify the year your car was made using the 10th digit of the VIN number. Starting from 1981, which is B, it ascends alphabetically (missing out I, O, Q, and U) until it reaches Y, which signifies 2000. A 1 indicates 2001, and it has ascended numerically since then.

10

Find the production plant from which your car came using the 11th digit of the VIN number. For example Lakewood is A, Baltimore is B and, Detroit is Q. So this aspect of the VIN number allows you to track down the exact factory where your car was assembled.

11

Look at the 12th to 17th digits. These will tell you the sequence from which your car was produced, beginning with 100001. So, 100002 would indicate that your care was the second of its kind to roll of the production line.

How to Buy a Car Directly from Japan

Despite the convenience of the Internet, buying a car directly from Japan can be a complex process taking up to two and a half months. With Japanese online car export companies requiring an advance payment of the lump sum, it's important to make sure the company is reliable and the car meets your expectations before proceeding with the transaction. Additionally, it's important to be prepared for Japan's different business methods and the language barrier.

Instructions

Purchase Process

1

Find a reputable, legitimate Japanese car exporter. Check out the company's status, which should be Houjin Limited (Ltd.), known as yuungen gaisya, or Houjin Incorporated (Inc.), known as kabushiki gaisya. The company should ideally have a Foreign Trade Chamber registration number, which indicates a history in exports or trading and adequate staff for such purposes. According to Japan-Partner.com, Japanese banking laws required that registered limited and incorporated businesses have their exact registered names on their bank account, so be wary of companies that have bank accounts under a different name.

2

Find the car you want online and examine its details, such as make, model, production year, gas mileage and transmission. Most Japanese exporters list the registration year, as opposed to the production year, so check for this using the chassis number.

3

Check with U.S. import laws to make sure that the car you'd like to purchase doesn't break these regulations and that you have the proper paperwork. The restrictions usually have to do with gas emissions and the year of the vehicle. The paperwork is a bill of lading, which is issued by the shipping agent, as well as an original deregistration certificate in Japanese, its translation into English and an invoice.

4

Pay for the vehicle. Most often 100 percent of the payment is due up front by Japanese exporters. The most common way of paying when buying a car online from Japan is CIF, which includes the car cost, insurance and freight costs.

5

When your payment is accepted, it can take two to three weeks before your car is shipped, or up to six weeks. When the car has been shipped, a package with your vehicle's documentation is express-mailed. Shipping can take three to four weeks.

6

Pick up the car by checking with your closest shipping agent, showing your car paperwork that was mailed to you, and arranging for off-loading of the car, which will require a small fee. Custom related paperwork may also be necessary, which the shipping agent will handle.

How to Comparison Shop for Cars in Canada

Comparison shopping is one method you can use to ensure that you get the most for your money when buying a new or used car, or save money if your transportation budget is limited. It also helps you become a better-informed consumer and minimizes the risk of making a bad buy.



Canada's relatively small automotive market results in fewer makes and models, and fewer options. Fortunately, this makes comparison shopping easier.

Instructions

1

Write down the year, make, model and options of the cars you're considering. Limit your search to no more than two or three candidates. What kind of car are you looking for? What options are 'must-have', and what can you live without? How much are you willing to pay? Compare the features and benefits of each.

2

Review the classified ads section of your local newspaper to get a general indication of the kinds of cars people are selling. If you find cars of the type you're looking for, make note of them and any important details, including price.

Go online to find reviews of the cars you're interested in buying. Are the reviews positive, negative or in between? Compare different models of the same car and similar cars from other manufacturers. Make note of any important details you find. Several Canadian car comparison tools can be found online, such as Globe Auto Compare, eWheels, and Sympatico.

3

Visit your local library and review car shopping books and magazines that provide detailed reviews of various cars. In Canada, many public libraries have extensive holdings of consumer-oriented car magazines, guides and books.

Particularly noteworthy are shopping guides from the Canadian Automobile Association and Phil Edmonston's Lemon-Aid guides.

4

Consult online and library resources that provide average wholesale and retail prices for the cars you're considering. This information will help you establish a reasonable price for a given car. It will help you make effective comparisons and determine if a seller is asking too much.

5

Test-drive the cars you are thinking about buying. Make note of the pros and cons of each car. Your notes should help you choose the car that fits you best.

Steps to Buying a New Car

Buying a new car is a complicated process. Particularly for the first-time buyer, knowing how to proceed from window shopping to driving the car off the lot can be difficult. Seeing an overview of the steps to buying a new car can help first-time buyers and seasoned veterans alike make the right decisions when purchasing.

Research

Before even setting foot on a lot it is important to do your research. You should research both the car or cars you're interested in buying, but also the broader car market. Researching your car ahead of time will give you the opportunity to choose all your options before you go shopping. You may know what make car you want. You may even know what model you want. However, even within a specific model there are a number of variations to consider. Don't forget to research the car you already own if you plan to trade it in.

Financing

First figure out your budget so that you know the maximum you can realistically spend. Have a substantial down payment. This helps you bring down the price during negotiation by having a good amount of cash up front and saves you money on interest by making your finance charges and monthly payments lower.

You should have your financing in order before you start negotiating price. Dealer financing plans are some of the worst deals in town. You are much better off securing your own financing.

Vising Dealerships

You should never be satisfied with visiting a single dealership. Instead, shop around and don't be afraid to walk off a lot in the middle of negotiation if you aren't satisfied with the way things are going. You should also not be afraid to let dealers know that you are shopping around, as this will give them more incentive to provide you with specials, rebates and add-ons. The dealership visit is a very important part of buying a new car, because no matter how much research you do, nothing substitutes for taking the car for a test drive. Remember that no matter how much you love a car, it will be there several weeks down the road.

Purchasing

After you have taken test drives and considered your options it is time to make a final decision about what kind of car you plan to drive. Negotiation with a car dealer is a bit like a courtship. You want to appear interested, but not too eager. Remember that add-on items generally have a very high markup, so don't be shy about negotiating a better price on the extras.