Laws on Lemon Cars

When you have so many complications with a brand new car that it leaves a sour taste in your mouth, that's when you know you have a lemon, a car that is essentially beyond repair. What can you do when faced with such a problem? Fortunately, the legislatures of most states have provided remedies.

What is a Lemon

A lemon is a vehicle that has poor build quality and needs multiple repairs. Simply put, a lemon car is a new car that needs so many repairs and has so many malfunctions that it ultimately inconveniences its owner so much that it should be replaced. Lemons may have one repeated malfunction or multiple malfunctions.

When Do You Know If You Have a Lemon?

The definition of a lemon varies from state to state, and so you need to check with the proper authorities and consumer protection agencies to get the exact definitions. However, in general, a brand new car becomes a lemon if within 2 years of its purchase it has a total of three or four unsuccessful repair attempts for the same malfunction or a total of 15 to 20 days spent in a repair facility for multiple problems.

Lemon Remedies

There are quite a few remedies once a lemon-law process is initiated. The first possible remedy would be that the car is finally fixed and no further problems occur. If the car cannot be fixed to the owner's satisfaction, the manufacturer and dealer will either have to purchase the car back from the consumer or provide some sort of compensation for the lower quality of the car. When a car is purchased back, it is common to deduct any miles driven from the original purchase price of the vehicle.

How to Initiate a Lemon Law Complaint or Lawsuit

The first thing any vehicle owner should do is keep records of any and all repairs and servicing, as these will serve as the basis of any allegation or complaint. If a dealer or a shop refuses to provide you with documentation of the repairs, contact your state's motor vehicle department immediately. Once you have gathered all the evidence, you should contact your state's department of consumer affairs and file a formal complaint. Most states have an online website with a simple form to be filled out. Once the process is initiated, a state representative will contact you to proceed further. What usually follows is an arbitration process in which the government represents you free of charge until an adequate remedy is reached.

How Do Lemon Laws Protect Prospective Buyers?

Lemon laws also protect prospective buyers in two ways. First, vehicles deemed to be lemons cannot be re-sold without proper disclosure. Usually, if a consumer purchases a used vehicle, the dealer must disclose if the vehicle underwent any lemon law proceedings. Second, consumers are protected in general as car manufacturers and car dealers are forced to offer higher quality products and services or suffer losses under the lemon law-statutes.

What Is Vehicle Wholesale Value?

When buying or selling a car, price is usually a major determining factor. That price is normally determined by the vehicle's wholesale value.

Wholesale Value

A car's wholesale value is the price that a dealer will pay for it when it is either sold or traded in toward the cost of a new vehicle. More commonly, it is known as a car's trade-in value.

Determination

There are many factors that go into a car's wholesale value. The condition of the exterior and the car's mileage are prime examples. The value can also be determined by the make and model of the car, particularly if the dealer has a surplus of that vehicle on the lot.

Value

Ultimately, it is the dealer you do business with that determines the car's value. Whatever they decide to pay or give you in trade-in becomes the wholesale value. However, there are different books that can give you a guideline on the car's approximate wholesale value.

Expert Insight

The most notable guide for a car's wholesale value is the Kelley Blue Book. Guides set a reference point for wholesale values that a dealer can use before making a final decision.

Maximize the Wholesale Value

Check the car's appearance and maintenance; how it looks and how well it runs can help boost its value. Before selling it or trading it in, take it to someone who can properly appraise it and tell you what the value is. Ask for the car's actual cash value to give you a truer idea of what it is worth.

Tips on Buying a Car From a Rental Agency

Buying a used car can be a tricky venture, and, to many, the idea of buying one from a rental agency seems ridiculous. However, if you think about the facts, you'll realize this is not only a good idea, but perhaps one of the best values you'll find. The notion that rental cars are abused by their drivers is likely overstated, and there is no doubt that rental car agencies take better care of their vehicles in both in cleanliness and maintenance than most private owners.

CARFAX

CARFAX is an invaluable tool for checking out the history of a used car before you buy it. It will tell you if the car has been involved in a major accident or has had body work done, among other facts. Ask to see a CARFAX on the cars you are interested in. Many car rental companies include a CARFAX as a standard part of their sales program. Enterprise, for example, advertises it will provide a CARFAX for all vehicles it sells.

Look Closely

When you rent a car, it looks flawless when the agency pulls it around and gives you the keys. Sometimes, however, you'll notice imperfections during the few days you are behind the wheel that you didn't see the day you picked it up. The rental agency will do its best to cover any blemishes on the vehicle and make it look as desirable as possible. The agencies are no different than any other used car lot, so take the time to go over the car with a fine-tooth comb and make sure the car meets your expectations. It's true that you may find a decent price on a good car here, but that doesn't mean it will be free---so make sure you know what you are getting.

Take It To the Mechanic

You will obviously get a chance to drive the car and see what it's made of. When you have it out, plan to have your usual mechanic give it a look. Let him discover major problems with the vehicle or anything he thinks may lower its value. Rental agencies usually practice a no-haggle style of car sales, so make sure the car is worth the sticker price, because that's what you'll be paying if you buy it. In some cases, the rental agency will even sell you the car with a seven-day guarantee. If you can get this, by all means take it. This way, even if the mechanic missed something, you can return it for a full refund if something goes wrong in the first week.

Ford Escape Options

The Ford Escape is compact crossover SUV. The Ford Escape is also offered as a hybrid model, which uses a gas electric engine to save fuel and maintain energy efficiency. The Ford Escape comes in three levels, the XLS, the XLT and the top-of-the-line Limited. The Escape Hybrid comes in two models, Hybrid and Hybrid Limited.

Hybrid

The Escape was Ford's first hybrid SUV. The car has a full hybrid engine that combines gas and electric components to create an energy-efficient ride. The Hybrid model can get up to 34 miles per gallon on the highway, compared with 23 miles per gallon for the Ford Escape XLS. The hybrid models have regenerative braking, which captures the energy lost from braking and uses it to charge the battery.

Leather Package

The leather package is optional for the XLT model and standard on Limited/Hybrid Limited model. The leather package provides leather trimmed seats throughout the vehicle. The front seats are heated and ambient lighting is installed.

Limited Luxury Package

The Limited luxury package is only available as an option for the Limited. The package includes Dual-Zone Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (DEATC), which allows for different temperatures in different parts of the vehicle. Safety features include the Reverse Sensing System, a rear-view camera. A universal garage door opener is also available.

Sun and Sync Package and Moon and Tune Package

The Sun and Sync package is an option for the XLT model that includes a power moon roof, sunshades and a mini overhead console for storage. Map lights are installed for aiding with navigation. The model also includes the Sync system, hands-free ways to use cellphones and MP3 players. The optional Moon and Tune Package for the Limited model includes a 320-watt premium sound system in addition to the features of the XLT packaged (Sync is standard on all Limited models).

Cargo Package

The cargo package is optional for the XLS and XLT and standard for the Limited models. The package includes a cargo area cover. A lock-away wet trunk underneath can hold wet or muddy items without staining the fabric in the trunk.

Class II Trailer Towing Package

This package makes hauling trailers easier.

The Class II Trailer Towing Package is a package for XLT and Limited models that's designed for customers hauling boats or trailers. It includes a 240-horsepower 3.0L Duratec V6 engine with 3,500 pound towing capacity. The package includes features to control the sway of the trailer by correcting the vehicle through braking and reduced torque to keep the vehicle and trailer under control.

XLT Sport Appearance Package

The XLT Sport Appearance Package is a high-end appearance for the XLT model. It adds high-gloss painted grille, blacked-out headline treatment, charcoal black interior, and Ingot Silver Metallic, Steel Blue Metallic, Sterling Gray Metallic or Tuxedo Black Metallic colors.

How to Buy Repossessed Cars Before Auction

Repossessed cars are sold directly by the banks who own them as well as at auctions. The best time to buy a repossessed car is before it goes to an auction, where the price can be driven up by bidders.

Instructions

1

Locate a repossessed car before it goes to auction. Places to look include credit unions, banks, and newspapers. Credit unions and banks often keep the cars on their property so you can see them in person.

2

Get a loan if necessary. If you are in the market for a car, you should know in advance how much you can afford. Obtain a loan pre-approval from a bank or credit union--if possible, from the bank or credit union that owns the car you are interested in because they have an extra incentive to sell the car.

3

Test drive the car and check it out thoroughly or have a mechanic do it. If the person selling the car is unwilling to let you check it out, then take a pass on the car. If you buy without checking the car, you have no repercussions if it turns out to be a lemon.

4

Obtain a vehicle history report from Carfax.com or AutoCheck.com. These sites run the VIN number of the car and tell you if it has ever been damaged or flooded, and if it has a clean title.

5

Talk to the person or company offering the car and negotiate a selling price acceptable to both parties.

6

If you are paying cash, get a certified cashier's check from your bank. If you are paying with a loan, obtain a check from your loan servicer.

7

Give the payment to the person selling the vehicle and take possession of your car.

How to Buy a Classic Mustang

The Mustang is an American icon. Introduced late in 1964, these cars became incredibly popular. Today, there are still thousands on the road, and a whole industry has grown up around keeping them going.

Instructions

1

Look for a 1964 to 1966 Mustang for the classic, original body style.

2

Consider a 1967 or 1968 Mustang for a more muscular look.

3

Find a fastback-style Mustang. These cars are somewhat rare, and are worth almost as much as the convertibles.

4

Consider a Shelby Mustang if you want a solid investment. Be prepared to pay quite a bit more.

5

Look for cars with power steering for improved drivability.

6

Know that six-cylinder Mustangs don't have the value of the V-8 cars, but they offer much of the driving fun.

7

Look for a convertible for top-down cruising. These cars are quite a bit more expensive than the hardtops but will hold their value quite nicely.

The Advantages of Buying a Hybrid

Hybrid cars are seeing increased popularity due to concerns about the environmental effects of gas powered automobiles and rising gas prices. Hybrid cars offer drivers a variety of advantages. Some of these advantages come directly from driving a car that utilizes the hybrid system. Other advantages involve saving money and making an environmental statement.

Environmental Impact

Because hybrid cars use less gasoline than regular cars, they create fewer emissions. Nine out of the top 10 cars on the Environmental Protection Agency's fuel economy rankings were hybrids in 2010. Any decrease in emissions is good for the environment and for human lungs. Car emissions are thought to contribute to toxic pollutants in the environment and may also contribute to global warming.

Fuel Costs

Hybrid cars need less gasoline than regular gas powered cars which means you can save on fuel costs. Fuel economy in a hybrid car is usually about 15 to 30 percent better than comparably equipped gas powered cars. Some cars, such as the Ford Fusion Hybrid, see fuel economy increase by more than 50 percent around town.

Incentives and Perks

Certain states have purchase incentives for those who buy hybrid cars. Some states offers perks such as free parking or permission to drive in carpool lanes regardless of the number of passengers in the car. Hybrid cars are sold with longer warranties for hybrid components, covering more expensive parts of the car like the battery.

Long Term Value

A hybrid car holds its value better than non-hybrid vehicles. Information gleaned from Kelley Blue Book and featured on Yahoo Green demonstrates that hybrids also have lower operating costs especially when gas prices are elevated. Fuel efficient cars tend to enjoy better resale values as gas prices rise as demand for used hybrids soars.

2008 Dodge Avenger Recall

Originally introduced as a two-door coupe in 1995 by Chrysler, the Dodge Avenger was pulled out of the market in 2000, only for it to reappear as a midsize sports sedan with four doors for the 2008 model year. As of 2010, five recalls have been reported to the Office of Defects Investigation of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; some of these recalls also involved the 2008 Chrysler Sebring.

Door Latches

The first recall for the 2008 Dodge Avenger began on April 30, 2007, as more than 11,000 sedans were suspected of having front door latches with loose cables, thus increasing the likeliness of the door opening at any given moment. Free retention features added to both front doors at authorized dealerships is supposed to solve the problem. A follow-up recall began on October 29, 2007--this time, for about 72,000 more vehicles.

Front Air Bags

Almost 800 2008 Dodge Avengers--and Sebrings--were recalled on June 18, 2007, because of faulty front seat track sensors that are used for the car's airbag system. The malfunction can prevent deployment of the airbags in the event of a crash, thus increasing the risk of injury. Authorized dealers can inspect the sensors and replace them free of charge if found to be defective.

Fuel Tank

Almost 1,200 Avengers were recalled on September 11, 2007, for fuel tank straps susceptible to separating, thus causing the tank to loosen and leak fuel. In some cases, the leakage may occur next to an ignition source and begin a fire at the vehicle's underbody. Dealers are charged with replacing the straps with newly designed ones.

Engine Cooling

More than 102,000 vehicles were recalled on October 2, 2007, because of engine coolant dripping into the left radiator cooling fan motor connector. This causes corrosion, then a short circuit and possibly an engine compartment fire. In such an instance, authorized dealers are supposed to install a wiring harness overlay over the connector and replace the entire fan.

Tire Pressure Monitor Wires

As of 2010, the last recall for the 2008 Dodge Avenger began on April 15, 2008, for over 180,000 vehicles regarding the tire pressure monitor, as its electrical connectors were prone to corrosion. This could cause a short circuit and lead to any of a variety of problems, including engine stalling, dead battery and inoperable cruise control. Authorized dealers are supposed to have the wires sealed with absolutely no cost to owners.

Contact

All repairs are done free of charge because Chrysler has accepted liability for the manufacturing defects. Owners who think they have these aforementioned problems can contact the manufacturer at 800-853-1403, the NHTSA Vehicle Safety hotline at 888-327-4236 (TTY 800-424-9153) or visit Safercar.gov (see Resources).

Where Can You Get a Free Carfax?

A Carfax used-car history report is a must for anyone looking to purchase a pre-owned vehicle. The popular used-car history reporting agency provides valuable information, such as accident history, odometer readings and number of vehicle owners. A single CARFAX vehicle history report costs $34.99 (as of 2010), but there is no need to spend money for it. If you know where to look, you can get a Carfax history report for free. The free report provides the same information as the paid report.

Locating Member Dealerships

Go to carfaxonline.com to find dealerships that subscribe to the Carfax reporting system in your area. Scroll down to the bottom of the page and insert your ZIP code. The website will display a listing of dealers in your area. This also comes in handy if you are out of town and decide to shop for a vehicle. All you need is a ZIP code and you can locate all membership dealers in the area.

Tips for Negotiating

Visit the subscriber dealership and start shopping for a car. The dealer may not voluntarily offer a free Carfax history report, but as part of the negotiating process ask the dealer to throw in a free report. If the dealer balks at providing a free Carfax report, take your business elsewhere. Any dealer worth its salt would prefer to hand out a free report than lose a potential car sale.

Shopping Online

Spend time browsing the Carfax online database. Go to carfax.com (different website than carfaxonline.com) and look through the online database to find a used car in your area. Each car listed in the database has a "Free Carfax Vehicle History Report" link. By clicking the link, you can view the entire report online. If you're still interested in the vehicle, print out the free report and take it with you to the dealership. It's a great negation tool.

Dealership vs. Private Sale

Obtaining a free Carfax vehicle history report is easier to do when purchasing from an auto dealership. It is not impossible, however, to obtain one from a private seller. If the seller truly wants to sell the car, it would behoove him to purchase one copy of the Carfax history report, make copies and provide a copy to each potential buyer. It's a small price for the seller to pay if he truly wants to sell the car.

Car-Buying Tools

Keep in mind that the Carfax report is just one of the many tools used to determine whether a car is worth buying. While it's a good tool to have, it should not be the only tool used when buying a car. Having a qualified mechanic inspect the car and taking an objective test drive is also important.

Types of Subarus

Subaru of America, Inc. is the corporation in charge of the distribution, sales, marketing and servicing of cars produced by the Japanese company, Fuji Heavy Industries. Subaru cars are known for their standard all-wheel drive (making these cars very popular in snowy regions) and mid-range pricing. As of 2011, Subaru of America, Inc. distributes one model of sport utility vehicle (SUV), two sedan or hatchback models, and a crossover model--all available with varying levels of customization--in the United States.

Sport Utility Vehicles

For the 2011 model-year, Subaru is producing one model of sport utility vehicle, the Forester. This is a small SUV that sports a near-complete redesign from pre-2010 models. According to Edmunds' review of the 2010 Subaru Forester, the vehicle scored high in safety tests and is a top pick in the highly-competitive, small SUV market.

Sedans and Hatchbacks

For the 2011 season, Subaru is producing two sedan models: the Legacy and the Impreza (which is also available as a four-door hatchback). The Legacy is a mid-size, four-door sedan which, like the Forester, sports a radical stylistic departure from its predecessors. The Legacy also boasts several different powertrain engine options, and a five out of five-star government crash test rating. The other sedan model made by Subaru is the Impreza. According to Edmunds' review of the 2010 Impreza, few other cars on the market have as many body style or engine choices.

Wagon

When it comes to vehicles, a car that combines the features of a sedan (a car-type chassis) with an SUV (large seating capacity and cargo area) is generally classified as a crossover. Subaru produces one crossover model, the Outback. The Subaru Outback has the chassis and fuel economy of a station wagon, with the cargo space and off-road capability of an SUV. In 2009, the Subaru Outback was named Motor Trend's Sport Utility vehicle of the year.

Cons of a Hybrid

Hybrid cars are a popular and fuel efficient alternative to conventional gas or diesel powered motor vehicles. Drivers of hybrid cars spend less of their discretionary income on fuel and have the personal satisfaction of reducing their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. While these benefits exist, there are other considerations to make before purchasing a hybrid car.

High Purchase Price

Hybrid car parts are more modern and expensive than those used in a comparable gas-powered compact car. This added cost stems from such components as the electric motor, various computer and electrical systems, and the car battery that powers the electric components. Because of these additional manufacturing costs, the purchase price of a new or used hybrid will be notably higher than that of a comparable gas-powered car of the same age, condition and performance capacity.

High Maintenance and Repair Costs

Hybrid power trains require specialized tools and specially-trained mechanics to service them. Often the knowledge and tools needed to work on hybrid cars are only found at their respective dealerships. As a result, hybrid car owners will find it difficult to save on repair costs by hiring a less expensive local mechanic or doing the work themselves. Both the electric and gas power train systems require more expensive parts than those used in conventional gas cars. Some examples of needs specific to hybrids are full synthetic motor oils and other specialized fluids. These fluids not only cost more but have a more limited range of distribution, so owners have to purchase their parts from either a dealership or a specialty parts supplier.

Battery Life

Lightweight lithium ion batteries are the most common type of battery used to power the electric motor and other power train components in a hybrid car. The performance of lithium ion batteries is greatly affected by its brief but crucial break-in period and by the way it is charged and discharged over its lifetime. To achieve the longest lifespan, a lithium ion battery should be fully charged and fully discharged at least twice before regular use. Once in use, the battery should be kept charged to capacity as much as possible. On freeways and at constant cruising speeds, this level of charge is maintained because the car requires only minimal engagement from the electric motor. Excess power from the gas engine provides a slow charge to the battery at these times. However, in city driving or other stop-and-go scenarios, the electric motor is the primary means of acceleration and the battery is quickly drained without an extended opportunity to recharge.

How to Find Reliable Used Cars Under 2000 Dollars

Turning up reliable and trustworthy used cars under 2000 dollars isn't as hard as many people believe it to be. In this price range you can easily come across a number of quality automobiles, as long as you follow a few simple principles and take your time searching.

Instructions

1

Stick with private party cars to maximize your money. You will generally find that you can get more for your money when buying from private parties as compared to dealerships. While this isn't always true, more often than not individuals are more likely negotiate lower on their prices than dealerships.

2

Use the internet to widen the scope and reach of your search. The days of print classified ads dominating the used car market are over. Online classifieds and car listing websites now control the marketplace, and offer the best variety of cars for the lowest prices.

3

Act fast if you see a good deal. Cars under 2000 dollars tend to sell very quickly, even within hours of being listed. Dragging your feet could result in losing out on a great deal, so have your cash in hand and contact the seller as soon as possible.

4

Be willing to walk away if things don't go your way or seem suspicious. This is important for both reliability and bargaining purposes. You can't be afraid to negotiate, and you have to be willing to stick to your price point and walk away if the seller won't accept your offer. By the same token, it's also important to trust your gut and keep looking if you sense anything fishy going on with the car, even if you really like it. Don't forget that there are many other cars for sale and you'll always be able to find something else.

5

Have the car checked out before you hand over your hard earned cash. This is important, especially when buying from a private party. This should preferably be done by a mechanic, but if time is tight and you've found a great deal make sure to at least bring someone with you that has good mechanical knowledge of cars to help you evaluate the condition and reliability of the vehicle. If the seller is unwilling to answer questions or is very vague about the car's past then keep looking.

How to Identify a Ford Ranger 5-Speed Transmission

One of the problems that can arise when trying to identify the type of transmission in a Ford Ranger is that the 5-speed transmission in the Ranger is not made by Ford. The Ford Ranger 5-speed transmission is made by Mitsubishi or Mazda, and you may not be used to seeing its identifying marks. You can identify a Ford Ranger 5-speed transmission by learning how to spot the two transmission models used in the stock truck. This enables you to confirm that the truck you are buying isn't modified from the original specifications.

Instructions

1

Look under the transmission at the bottom pan (where the transmission screen is) and count the number of bolts attached to the pan. A 12-bolt pattern is typical of the original Mitsubishi and Mazda transmissions made for the Ford Ranger.

2

Measure the extension housing. This is the portion of the transmission located past the bell housing and center part of the transmission. It is much narrower then the rest of the transmission unit and should measure 10 inches.

3

Locate the ID tag. Both the Mitsubishi and Mazda transmission units have a metal ID tag attached to the left side of the bell housing that is stamped with the Ford part number of the 5-speed transmission for your Ranger. On the Mitsubishi unit the ID tag will be made of red metal; on the Mazda unit the ID tag will be silver in color.

4

Identify the style of bell housing. Both types of transmission units have a closed bell housing on all-wheel-drive (AWD) models only. The bell housing on 2WD vehicles will be a half-style (not fully enclosed).

5

All the above identifiers will be present on an original 5-speed Ford Ranger transmission. Any transmission that is missing one of these identifiers is not considered to be original.

Beechcraft Bonanza Specifications

The Beechcraft Bonanza, which began production in 1947, has undergone many changes and variations from the classic trademark V-tail design of the original 35-series. Conventional horizontal and vertical tail configurations, changes in fuselage length and engine horsepower were part of the ongoing evolution. The Beechcraft Bonanza remains one the highest performance single-engine general aviation aircraft.

Dimensions

Configured as a single-engine, low-wing, six-person aircraft with retractable tricycle-style landing gear, the G36 Bonanza is 27.5 feet long with a wingspan of 33.5 feet. The highest vertical distance from the ground to its straight tail is 8.5 feet, 6 inches. The G36 has a wing area of 181 square feet.

Engine

A Teledyne Continental IO-550-B engine with 300 horsepower is the power plant used in the G-series Bonanza. It spins an 80-inch diameter Hartzel three-blade constant-speed propeller. A 100 ampere-hour alternator supplies the electrical power.

Weight

The standard empty weight of this Bonanza aircraft is 2,530 lbs. Maximum ramp weight is 3,663 lbs., which allows for engine run-up, burning of fuel and taxi waiting time in order to reach a maximum gross takeoff weight of 3,650 lbs. Maximum useful load is 1,133 lbs. Useful payload, with full fuel, is 689 lbs. Total fuel capacity is 80 gallons with 74 gallons usable. Baggage capacity is 270 lbs. with 47 cubic feet available and located behind the rear seats.

Performance

The takeoff distance ground roll on an unobstructed level airstrip, assisted with flaps, is 1,000 feet. The horizontal takeoff distance needed to clear a 50-foot vertical obstacle using flaps is 1,913 feet. The necessary ground roll distance with flaps up is 1,250 feet. Takeoff distance over a 50-foot obstacle with flaps up is 2,130 feet. The G-series rate of climb at sea level is 1,230 feet per minute. Landing distance required after clearing a 50-foot obstacle is 1,500 feet. Landing distance on a level unobstructed runway requires ground roll of 950 feet. The Bonanza's service ceiling is 18,500 feet. Maximum crosswind capability is 17 knots.

Airspeeds

The recommended best angle of climb airspeed for the G36 is 84 knots indicated airspeed. Best rate of climb is 100 knots. The designed maneuvering speed for the aircraft is 141 knots while maximum full-flap deployed speed is 124 knots. Landing approach flap deployment and retractable landing gear operations, or flying with landing gear down, are never to exceed a maximum speed of 154 knots. The G36 Bonanza has a maximum structural cruising speed of 167 knots and a never-exceed speed of 205 knots. The Bonanza has a flaps-up takeoff rotation speed of 73 knots and a flaps-deployed rotation speed of 67 knots. The stall speed of the plane is 68 knots with gear retracted and flaps up, and 61 knots with flaps and landing gear deployed.

Auto Lease Information

Leasing an automobile is similar to renting. You pay a fee for the use of a car. You don't own it and must return it when your contracted time period is over. You are responsible for any damages to the car until you return it. On the surface, it doesn't sound like a great deal. Yet, according to Cars.com, in 2008 a full 20 percent of car buyers declined car ownership and instead opted to lease their cars.

Advantages

A clear advantage of an auto lease is no down payment. That doesn't mean you pay nothing to lease a car. Typically, before driving away the lessee is responsible for the first month's lease payment, an acquisition or bank fee, and registration and licensing fees. Monthly payments are usually lower for leased cars. Sales taxes are lower since lessees are charged only for the value of the monthly payments. Repair costs are minimal with leased cars since lease periods are often just 2 or 3 years, well within the vehicle warranty.

Disadvantages

You don't own the car when your lease period is over. The car is still owned by the dealership. Car mileage is limited on leased vehicles. Lessees face penalties for driving more than the allotted miles. Dealerships charge additional penalties for excessive wear and tear on leased cars. When lessees turn in cars at the end of a lease period, they could conceivably be responsible for thousands of dollars in extra charges.

Capitalized Cost Reduction

When leasing a vehicle, lessees must negotiate the cost of the car, just as car buyers do. The agreed upon price is known as the capitalized cost. Although some dealers may suggest that lease costs are non-negotiable, according to Lease Guide, this is simply not true. Manufacturer rebates, purchase incentives and financing specials are also applicable to leased vehicles. These discounts result in a capitalized cost reduction, thereby reducing your monthly payments.

Residual Value

The value of a leased car when it is returned, taking into account depreciation, is termed the residual value. At the beginning of a lease, dealers estimate a car's residual value at the end of the lease; the higher that estimate, the lower the lease payment. This is why lease terms are normally so short. If your car is worth less than its estimated residual value, you must pay the difference at the end of the lease contract. If you plan to purchase the car at the end of a lease, opt for a car with a lower residual value.

Money Factor

Money factor is similar to the interest rate charged on a car loan. Dealers multiply the money factor by 2400 to get the interest rate for a lease. To lower lease payments, it is critical to find a dealer that discloses his lease money factor and also offers the lowest money factor.

How to Apply Used Car Lemon Laws

When searching for a used car, the main concern most people have is that they will purchase a lemon; a car that is not in good working condition, or that breaks down soon after purchase. This is a valid concern, but thankfully there are federal and state laws that give consumers some protection against unsavory used car dealers. These laws are called 'lemon laws', and anyone purchasing a used car should become familiar with his or her state's lemon laws.

While lemon laws vary by state, some generalities apply. Generally, lemon laws protect consumers in two types of situations; breach of warranty or intentional deceit.

Instructions

1

If your pre owned car breaks down and is covered by a manufacturer's warranty, you may be entitled to lemon law benefits. Typically, breach of warranty is covered by federal law. You will need to read the details of any warranties you have signed to figure out if your warranty agreement has been violated.

2

When no warranty exists, lemon laws serve as a safety net protecting consumers from deceitful sellers. Lemon laws specifically protect consumers from dishonesty such as:

* History of mechanical problems known by the seller, but undisclosed to the buyer
* The car was previously stolen and stripped, then rebuilt
* The car was involved in a flood
* The car was salvaged or involved in a major accident
* The car was previously a taxi or police car
* The odometer was rolled back fraudulently

3

If you are able to prove that you unknowingly purchased a car with any of the above issues that the seller knew about and didn't disclose, your state likely has lemon laws on the books to compensate you and punish the dishonest seller.

What Is the Audi A4 Vehicle Stability Assist?

The Audi A4 vehicle stability assistant feature also is called Electronic Stability Control or Electronic Stability Program. The feature is a computer-controlled program that automatically makes the vehicle easier to control by reducing swerving and giving it directional stability in dangerous steering and braking situations. Electronic Stability Control became standard on Audi A4s in 2000.

Background

Electronic Stability Control is part of the vehicles anti-lock braking system, or ABS, on passenger cars, light-duty pickup trucks and sport utility vehicles. Automakers introduced ABS in the mid 1980s. It helped reduce the loss of control of SUVs because of their high center of gravity as well as the high risk of rollovers during a sideways skid on wet roadways. Electronic stability control, or vehicle stability assist, arrived in 1998. It was standard equipment on less than one-third of all passenger cars and trucks in 2006. By 2010, 85 percent of all passenger cars and 100 percent of SUVs had electronic stability control as standard equipment.

Application

While ABS on Audi passenger cars prevented the wheels from locking up when the driver slammed on the brakes, it didnt prevent the driver from losing control of the vehicle or swerving. The casual, nonprofessional driver, for example, may not understand that steering into the direction the car is swerving straightens its direction. Audis Electronic Stability Control doesnt correct driver mistakes or override the laws of physics, but it may help the vehicle maintain the right direction. The system, like most vehicle stability programs, features a steering sensor to monitor the drivers steering. It includes a lateral acceleration sensor to keep track of deceleration, and a yaw sensor that detects whether the vehicle may spin out of control. For example, the system changes the speed of front wheels if during a turn, the rear end loses its grip and comes around toward the front. By increasing or decreasing the speed of the front wheels, depending on the circumstances, the system maintains the driver's intended direction with the rear end staying in the rear.

2012 Audi A4

The 2011 and 2012 Audi A4 models feature the automakers Electronic Stability Control to maintain the direction of the car when it is close to the limit of complete loss of control. Electronic Stability Control responds to the drivers intended direction in tandem with Audis ABS, Traction Control system, Electronic Brake-Force Distribution system, and the Electronic Differential Lock system. These five programs always are active. However, the system cant prevent accidents if the driver overextends the capabilities of the Audi A4s chassis.

ESP 8.0

For 2012 models, Audi began equipping its A4 and other models with its latest system, the Electronic Stability Program 8.0, or ESP 8.0. The ESP 8.0 features a dry brake program that wipes away water from the brakes discs in wet weather by applying the brake pads at regular intervals. The system reduces the time it takes to stop the car on wet roads.

How to Buy a Used Car for First Time Buyers

The process of buying your first car is exciting and frightening. You're happy that you will have your own car but nervous about making a car payment. If you are like many first-time car buyers, you plan to purchase a used vehicle. It is essential that you choose carefully before buying a previously owned car. Research is important to ensure that you purchase a safe used car and get the best deal on it.

Instructions

1




Saving for a down payment is beneficial.

Set a budget. Never try to purchase a used car you can't afford. Your budget will help you determine how much of a down payment you must save. According to Edmunds, if you pay 20 percent down on your used car, you can avoid owing more than your car is worth. Start researching the types of cars you're interested in. Take into consideration the estimated gas mileage and safety ratings during your research.

2




Make sure the dealership hasn't sold lemons.

Check out dealerships. Most dealerships have websites, so you can research their inventory in the privacy of your home. Make a list of vehicles and the dealership where they are located. Search the Internet for any negative reviews on the dealership. Have they sold vehicles with major mechanical problems, also known as lemons? Are the vehicles overpriced? Finding the answers to these questions will prevent you from making a bad choice when purchasing your first car.

3




Always take cars out for a test drive.

Visit dealerships. Always test drive before deciding on a used car. Examine the vehicles for any flaws and ask to take a look under the hood. If you don't know much about cars, take a car-savvy friend or family member with you to the dealership. Ask the salesperson if the vehicle is a certified used vehicle and if it comes with a dealer or manufacturer warranty. Write down the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) of all the cars you like. You can research vehicle history online with the VIN (see Resources).

4




Make the dealer an offer based on your research.

Select a car. Search Kelley Blue Book and National Automotive Dealers Association (NADA) to figure out exactly how much the vehicle is worth based on the features and mileage (see Resources). Return to the dealer and make an offer on the vehicle. Don't be afraid to suggest a dollar amount that is less than what the dealer is asking for. In addition, ask the salesperson about purchasing gap insurance. If your vehicle is totaled and you owe more than it's worth, gap insurance will pay for the balance.

5




Speak to a representative at your personal bank about financing.

Pay for your used car. According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), you have the option of paying for the vehicle in full or financing. Speak to the dealership's finance department about credit options. The finance department might suggest you find a cosigner if you have limited or no credit. If you have a bank or credit union that you prefer, secure a loan with them.

How to Register a Car in Florida Without a Title

In Florida, drivers may not register a vehicle for on-road use without the car's title. If you do not have a Florida vehicle title, you may request a duplicate title with a form provided by the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV). When a duplicate title is issued, you can register your vehicle. This form can also be used to obtain a title for a newly purchased vehicle, if the previous owner has lost the original title.

Instructions

1

Use the Florida Go-Renew online electronic registration system (see Resources) to renew a vehicle's registration in Florida, if no address or ownership changes are needed. This will not require a title. Enter your Social Security number and driver's license number and pay registration fees with a credit card. Visa, MasterCard and American Express are accepted.

2

Request a duplicate title if you do not have a title. A title is required for first-time vehicle registration in Florida. If either or both the title and registration are missing or lost, download and complete the "Application for Duplicate Title Certificate" from the DHSMV's website (see Resources). Submit the application to your local DHSMV office or by mail to:

Division of Motor Vehicles
2900 Apalachee Parkway
MS 72, Neil Kirkman Building
Tallahassee, FL 32399

3

After receiving the duplicate title, visit your local DHSMV office to register the vehicle. Take your driver's license and Social Security card.

4

Register a vehicle that has a lien on its title by using the Florida Electronic Lien and Title System. Some lenders file electronic liens on vehicle titles when they loan money on the vehicle. This creates an electronic title for the vehicle, eliminating future need for paper title certificates. If there is an electronic lein on your title, the title will be accessible through the the Go-Renew system, and renewal can be done using the instructions in step 1.

Chevrolet Specifications

Chevrolet is one of the brands underneath the General Motors family of cars. This company made up 21 percent of all cars sold in January 2010. For those considering buying a Chevrolet, there are a variety of cars for all needs from sports cars to sport utility vehicles to trucks. Before you head down to the car dealer to buy, you should familiarize yourself with Chevrolet specifications.

Suburban

The Suburban provides seating for up to nine people or more than 120 cubic feet of storage space. The Suburban provides more than just space, it also offers the driver more than 4 tons of towing power, more than 300 horsepower and more than 330 lb.-ft. of torque. The vehicle features a Vortec 5.3-liter V8 engine that beats its competitors in terms of fuel efficiency with 21 mph compared with 20 mpg for the Ford Expedition and 18 mpg for the Nissan Armada. The Suburban becomes equipped with Bluetooth, OnStar Turn-By-Turn navigation system, XM radio, a DVD player, a USB port and a Bose sound system. You can also purchase the optional Z71, which allows you to take the Suburban off road. The Suburban comes with a 100,000 mile or five-year power train warranty standard.

Camaro

The Camaro is a classic American muscle car still in production by Chevrolet. The V6 engine provides 312 horsepower while still maintaining a fuel efficiency of 29 mpg on the highway. You might also be interested in the SS version of the car, with a 6.2-liter V8 engine providing 426 horsepower and a fuel efficiency of 24 mpg on the highway. In 2011, Camaros come with the Heads-Up Display that allows you to view your tachometer and speedometer on the windshield of your car. The OnStar Turn-By-Turn navigation system also is projected onto the windshield. The 2011 Camaro also includes a USB port, Bluetooth capability and three free months of XM radio.

Volt

For the 2011 model year, Chevrolet introduced the Volt. The Volt is a fully electric car that gets 40 miles out of a single charge. The battery in the volt is much like the one in your mobile phone, except that it is specifically designed to power vehicles. However, you don't need to run your car on electricity. When you run out of gas the vehicle is then powered by a four-cylinder, 1.4-liter gas-powered generator. This means that you don't ever have to charge the battery if you don't want to.

How to Buy a Used Infiniti G35 Coupe

The Infiniti G35 coupe is a stylish two-door sports car known for its trademarked rounded roof and small, compact body. In order to purchase a used G35 coupe, one must decide how old of a vehicle they wish to purchase and what their price range will be. Once a price range has been established, the search for the perfect used vehicle can begin.

Instructions

1

Determine the maximum amount that you are wiling to spend on a used Infiniti G35 coupe and begin to search the internet for Infiniti dealers in your area that will have the vehicles in stock. Use these dealerships to get an idea of what type of used vehicle you will be able to afford. Visit one of these local dealerships if you see a particular vehicle that may fit your needs.

2

Check local newspaper classified sections or internet classifieds like craigslist.com. Purchasing a used vehicle from a private party will most likely get you the best price. Dealerships usually have higher prices to compensate for employee commissions and the limited warranties that may be attached to the vehicles. Other websites like cars.com and usedcars.com can also provide a comprehensive scope of all of the related vehicles in the area so that you can compare differences in price and mileage for particular vehicles.

3

Visit with the dealership or private party once you have located a car that interests you. Go for a test drive. Request a CarFax report or another similar record of the vehicle to ensure that it has been properly maintained and that there are no significant accidents in the vehicle's history.

4

Negotiate the price if the vehicle meets your predetermined criteria. Navigate to the Kelley Blue Book website to determine the vehicle's actual value and use that as a bargaining tool. Remember to point out any flaws that the vehicle may have to possibly lower the asking price. Never pay more than the suggested Kelley Blue Book Value as you will likely be overpaying for the vehicle.

California Law on Two Cycle Engines

California retains no specific law in its statutes that directly addresses the use of a two-stroke or two-cycle engine, either in public waterways or on roads. That said, there are plenty of restrictions on such machines, particularly on any newly manufactured vehicles containing such engines.

Two-Cycle Engines

New entry of two-cycle engines into California tend to be barred completely. Existing state regulations restrict any new two-cycle vehicles from being registered and licensed in the state, either on water or road. The reasoning falls into environmental protection; a two-stroke engine is capable of producing far more pollution than more complex engines.

Regulations

The California Air Resources Board imposed tighter regulations on waterway vehicles, requiring manufacturers to step up designs repeatedly to reduce pollution produced by two-cycle engines in 2001, 2004 and 2008. For road vehicles, the board generally cut off new two-stroke engines in 2001.

Local or Private Restrictions

Eleven lakes or waterways in California specifically forbid use of two-stroke engines in their waters as of September 2010. These areas are completely off-limits, and violators get fined. In regards to road vehicles, violators caught without proper registration risk their vehicle being impounded by local police. Additionally, state motor vehicle offices are not supposed to register such engines after 2001, period.